Effect of intrauterine perfusion of granular leukocyte-colony stimulating factor on the outcome of frozen embryo transfer.

Background: Treatment of thin endometrium with granular leukocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) remains controversial.

Aim: To investigate the effect of G-CSF on the outcome of frozen embryo transfer in patients with thin endometrium.

Methods: A retrospective propensity score matching (PSM) study was performed to assess patients administered frozen embryo transfer at the Reproductive Medicine Center of the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, in 2012-2018.

[Effects of different slow/controlled release fertilizers on yield, quality of fresh maize and ammonia emissions].

A field experiment with five treatments, control (CK, no fertilizer), conventional fertilization (U), double-effect inhibitor synergistic urea (DU), coated urea (CU) and slow/controlled release urea mixture (CDU), was conducted to investigate the effects of conventional fertilization (240 kg N·hm) and one-off application of different slow/controlled release fertilizers (180 kg N·hm) on the yield and quality of fresh maize, soil inorganic nitrogen (N), and ammonia (NH) emissions. The results showed that the total amount of ammonia volatilization was the highest in treatment of conventional fertilization (U), with N topdressing being an important source of NH emission. Compared with U treatment, the NH volatilization in the DU, CU, and CDU treatments was reduced by 78%-81%.