Causal association between vitamin D and gestational diabetes mellitus: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Previous articles on the relationship between vitamin D and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were inconsistent. Their relationship has been observed primarily through observational studies, and the causality of this association has not been established.

Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) research was conducted to test the causal association between vitamin D and GDM, utilizing publically available statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Enhancing CO Tolerance in PEMFC Anodes via Thermal Oxidation Induced RuO Blocking Shell on a PtRu/C Catalyst.

CO poisoning in Pt-based anode catalysts significantly hampers the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance. Despite great advances in CO-tolerant catalysts, their effectiveness is often limited to fundamental three-electrode systems, which is inadequate for practical PEMFC applications. Herein, we present a straightforward thermal oxidation strategy for constructing a Ru oxide blocking layer on commercial PtRu/C through a one-step Ru-segregation-and-oxidation process.