Comparison of Transatlantic Recommendations for Prostate Gland Evaluation with MRI after Focal Therapy (TARGET) and Prostate Imaging after Focal Ablation (PI-FAB) for Detecting Recurrent Prostate Cancer at Prostate MRI.

Rationale And Objectives: The increasing use of focal therapy (FT) in localized prostate cancer (PCa) management requires a standardized MRI interpretation system to detect recurrent clinically significant PCa (csPCa). This pilot study evaluates the novel Transatlantic Recommendations for Prostate Gland Evaluation with MRI after Focal Therapy (TARGET) and compares its performance to that of the Prostate Imaging after Focal Ablation (PI-FAB) system.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 38 patients who underwent primary FT for localized PCa, with follow-up multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and biopsy.

Corrigendum to "Surveillance one year post focal cryotherapy for clinically significant prostate cancer using mpMRI and PIRADS v2.1: An initial experience from a prospective phase II mandatory biopsy study" [Eur. J. Radiol. Open 11 (2023) 100529].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.

Deep learning-based image quality assessment: impact on detection accuracy of prostate cancer extraprostatic extension on MRI.

Objective: To assess impact of image quality on prostate cancer extraprostatic extension (EPE) detection on MRI using a deep learning-based AI algorithm.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective, single institution study included patients who were imaged with mpMRI and subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy from June 2007 to August 2022. One genitourinary radiologist prospectively evaluated each patient using the NCI EPE grading system.

"Seeing Is Believing": Additive Utility of Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis.

Widespread adoption of mpMRI has led to a decrease in the number of patients requiring prostate biopsies. Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT has demonstrated added benefits in identifying csPCa. Integrating the use of these imaging techniques may hold promise for predicting the presence of csPCa without invasive biopsy.

Evaluation of a Cascaded Deep Learning-based Algorithm for Prostate Lesion Detection at Biparametric MRI.

Background Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) improves prostate cancer (PCa) detection compared with systematic biopsy, but its interpretation is prone to interreader variation, which results in performance inconsistency. Artificial intelligence (AI) models can assist in mpMRI interpretation, but large training data sets and extensive model testing are required. Purpose To evaluate a biparametric MRI AI algorithm for intraprostatic lesion detection and segmentation and to compare its performance with radiologist readings and biopsy results.

Automated Detection and Grading of Extraprostatic Extension of Prostate Cancer at MRI via Cascaded Deep Learning and Random Forest Classification.

Rationale And Objectives: Extraprostatic extension (EPE) is well established as a significant predictor of prostate cancer aggression and recurrence. Accurate EPE assessment prior to radical prostatectomy can impact surgical approach. We aimed to utilize a deep learning-based AI workflow for automated EPE grading from prostate T2W MRI, ADC map, and High B DWI.

Evaluating Diagnostic Accuracy and Inter-reader Agreement of the Prostate Imaging After Focal Ablation Scoring System.

Background And Objective: Focal therapy (FT) is increasingly recognized as a promising approach for managing localized prostate cancer (PCa), notably reducing treatment-related morbidities. However, post-treatment anatomical changes present significant challenges for surveillance using current imaging techniques. This study aimed to evaluate the inter-reader agreement and efficacy of the Prostate Imaging after Focal Ablation (PI-FAB) scoring system in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) on post-FT multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI).

Deep Learning-Based Detection and Classification of Bone Lesions on Staging Computed Tomography in Prostate Cancer: A Development Study.

Rationale And Objectives: Efficiently detecting and characterizing metastatic bone lesions on staging CT is crucial for prostate cancer (PCa) care. However, it demands significant expert time and additional imaging such as PET/CT. We aimed to develop an ensemble of two automated deep learning AI models for 1) bone lesion detection and segmentation and 2) benign vs.

Quality of T2-weighted MRI re-acquisition versus deep learning GAN image reconstruction: A multi-reader study.

Purpose: To evaluate CycleGAN's ability to enhance T2-weighted image (T2WI) quality.

Method: A CycleGAN algorithm was used to enhance T2WI quality. 96 patients (192 scans) were identified from patients who underwent multiple axial T2WI due to poor quality on the first attempt (RAD1) and improved quality on re-acquisition (RAD2).

Surveillance one year post focal cryotherapy for clinically significant prostate cancer using mpMRI and PIRADS v2.1: An initial experience from a prospective phase II mandatory biopsy study.

Objectives: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) surveillance post focal cryotherapy (FT) of prostate cancer is challenging as post treatment artefacts alter mpMRI findings. In this initial experience, we assessed diagnostic performance of mpMRI in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) after FT.

Materials And Methods: This single-centre phase II prospective clinical trial recruited 28 men with localized csPCa for FT between October 2019 and April 2021.

Deep Learning-Based Interpretable AI for Prostate T2W MRI Quality Evaluation.

Rationale And Objectives: Prostate MRI quality is essential in guiding prostate biopsies. However, assessment of MRI quality is subjective with variation. Quality degradation sources exert varying impacts based on the sequence under consideration, such as T2W versus DWI.

Deep Learning-Based T2-Weighted MR Image Quality Assessment and Its Impact on Prostate Cancer Detection Rates.

Background: Image quality evaluation of prostate MRI is important for successful implementation of MRI into localized prostate cancer diagnosis.

Purpose: To examine the impact of image quality on prostate cancer detection using an in-house previously developed artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm.

Study Type: Retrospective.

Local Therapy on Clinically Lymph Node-positive Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Context: Patients with clinically lymph node-positive (cN1) prostate cancer (PCa) are traditionally regarded to have metastatic disease, and the role of local therapy (LT) in their treatment remains unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of cN1 PCa patients treated with LT, and secondarily to compare between different modalities of LT, including radiotherapy (RT) and radical prostatectomy (RP).

Evidence Acquisition: A bibliographic search was performed using Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify studies comparing the survival outcomes of cN1 PCa patients treated with LT (RT or RP) with those who did not receive any form of LT (observation or androgen deprivation therapy alone).

Evaluation of Compressed SENSE on Image Quality and Reduction of MRI Acquisition Time: A Clinical Validation Study.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate the effect of compressed SENSE (CS) in clinical settings on scan time reduction and image quality.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-five magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from different anatomical regions were acquired, consisting of a standard protocol sequence (SS) and sequence accelerated with CS. Anonymized paired sequences were randomly displayed and rated by six blinded subspecialty radiologists.

Comparison of MRI-Based Staging and Pathologic Staging for Predicting Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy.

Currently most clinical models for predicting biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer (PCa) after radical prostatectomy (RP) incorporate staging information from RP specimens, creating a gap in preoperative risk assessment. The purpose of our study was to compare the utility of presurgical staging information from MRI and postsurgical staging information from RP pathology in predicting BCR in patients with PCa. This retrospective study included 604 patients (median age, 60 years) with PCa who underwent prostate MRI before RP from June 2007 to December 2018.

Intensive sampling of the umbra and penumbra improves clinically significant prostate cancer detection and reduces risk of grade group upgrading at radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: Our objective is to evaluate the clinically significant prostate cancer detection rate of overlapping and perilesional systematic biopsy cores and its impact on grade group (GG) concordance at prostatectomy.

Materials And Methods: Biopsy maps of those undergoing MRI-targeted (TB) and systematic biopsy (SB) were reviewed to reclassify systematic cores. Perilesional (PL) cores were defined as adjacent cores within 10 mm of the target lesion ("penumbra") whilst overlap (OL) cores were defined as cores within the ROI itself ("umbra").

Focal IgG4-related periprostatic "PI-RADS 5" pseudotumor mimicking prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibroinflammatory disease characterized by raised serum IgG4 levels and tumefactive inflammation affecting multiple organ systems, typically involving the pancreas and biliary tree. Though rare, prostatic involvement has been reported in a few cases and is suspected to be an underreported entity. Our patient is a 63-year-old gentleman who has presented with an incidental "PI-RADS 5" (Prostate Imaging Reporting & Data System) prostate lesion and perivascular soft tissue cuffing of the superior rectal vessels on MRI rectum performed for surveillance of rectal neuroendocrine tumor.

Persistent acidosis and chronic kidney disease in a patient with type 1 glycogen storage disease.

Type 1 glycogen storage disease (GSDI) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) deficiency. We discuss a case of a 29-year-old gentleman who had GSDI with metabolic complications of hypoglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia, and short stature. He also suffered from advanced chronic kidney disease, nephrotic range proteinuria, and hepatic adenomas.

VI-RADS in bladder cancer: Overview, pearls and pitfalls.

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the urinary bladder has shown high diagnostic performance in accurate staging of bladder cancer. Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) scoring was developed in 2018 to standardize imaging and reporting of bladder cancer on mpMRI and is an excellent tool in preoperative T-staging of patients with high risk bladder cancer. However, there is no concise guide in the literature for practical use of VI-RADS in everyday clinical reporting.

Reducing the number of systematic biopsy cores in the era of MRI targeted biopsy-implications on clinically-significant prostate cancer detection and relevance to focal therapy planning.

Background: The optimal number of systematic biopsy cores in the era of multi-parametric MRI targeted biopsy remains unclear, especially on its impact of focal therapy planning. Our objective is to investigate the impact of reducing the number of systematic cores on prostate cancer detection in the era of MRI-US fusion targeted biopsy and as well as its relevance in template planning for focal therapy.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of 398 consecutive men who underwent both systematic saturation (~24 cores) and MRI-US fusion targeted biopsy was performed.

Use of the Descending Branch of the Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery as an Arterial Graft in Living Donor Liver Transplant.

Background: Reconstructing the hepatic artery in living donor liver transplantation presents the challenges of a short and small donor vessel stump, which is compounded by poor surgical access for microsurgical anastomosis. Arterial interpositional grafts (eg, the radial artery) have been used to overcome these problems. The purpose of this presentation is to describe the use of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (DLCFA) as an alternative when the patient has had an abnormal Allen's test precluding the use of the radial artery or if a Y-graft is needed.