Unconditioned stimulus revaluation to promote conditioned fear extinction in the memory reconsolidation window.

The retrieval-extinction paradigm, which disrupts the reconsolidation of fear memories in humans, is a non-invasive technique that can be used to prevent the return of fear in humans. In the present study, unconditioned stimulus revaluation was applied in the retrieval-extinction paradigm to investigate its promotion of conditioned fear extinction in the memory reconsolidation window after participants acquired conditioned fear. This experiment comprised three stages (acquisition, unconditioned stimulus revaluation, retrieval-extinction) and three methods for indexing fear (unconditioned stimulus expectancy, skin conductance response, conditioned stimulus pleasure rating).

The therapeutic impact of perceptual learning on juvenile amblyopia with or without previous patching treatment.

Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic impact of perceptual learning on juvenile amblyopia that is no longer responsive to patching treatment (PT group) or was never patch treated (NPT group).

Methods: Ten PT and 13 NPT subjects aged 8 to 17 years were trained with a grating acuity task for 40 to 60 sessions. Half in each group were further trained with single or crowded tumbling E acuity tasks for 8 to 10 sessions.