Research Progress of Near-Infrared Fluorescence Immunoassay.

Near-infrared fluorescence probes (NIFPs) have been widely used in immunoassay, bio-imaging and medical diagnosis. We review the basic principles of near-infrared fluorescence and near-infrared detection technology, and summarize structures, properties and characteristics of NIFPs (i.e.

[Identification of Fertilized Chicken Eggs Based on Visible/Near-Infrared Spectrum During Early Stage of Incubation].

In the process of chicken egg hatching, some eggs can not be hatched successfully due to the absence of fertilization. These eggs not only cause a lot of waste, but also infect other normal eggs with bacteria. In the study, the fertilized eggs and clear eggs is identified by using the visible/near-infrared spectrum.

[Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Quality Parameters of Pork Based on Fused Dual Band Spectral].

For dual band visible/near infrared spectroscopy system (350~1 100 and 1 000~2 500 nm), there exsits a band overlap and for the same sample the reflectivity data were unlike due to the performance difference between instruments. A band connection and data fusion method was proposed in this paper to make better use of the dual-band data. A dual-band visible/near-infrared spectroscopy system was built in the study to collect 60 pork samples’ reflectance spectra.

[Determination of Tomato’s SSC and TS Based on Diffuse Transmittance Spectroscopy].

In order to meet the demands for rapid and safe nondestructive testing of fruit and vegetable quality，tomato detection system with a special circular light source was built based on the visible / near infrared diffuse transmission principle. Taking soluble solids content (SSC) and total sugar (TS) as the internal quality index, the prediction of 58 tomato samples was carried out by using this system. First, we collected the spectral data of four points for each tomato.

[Detection of Chlorpyrifos on Spinach Based on Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy with Silver Colloids].

In this research, the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique is used to develop a nondestructive and fast detecting method for the detection of residual chlorpyrifos on spinach. Silver colloids used for SERS spectroscopy is prepared by the reduction of silver nitrate with hydroxylamine hydrochloride at alkaline pH. The prepared silver colloids are dropped onto spinach samples, then the SERS spectra are collected non-destructively with a self-developed Raman system.

[A Point Raman Scanning Method for Rapidly Detection of Spinach Quality and Safety Parameters].

According to actual market demand for nondestructive detection of vegetables quality and safety, combined with the heterogeneity of quality and safety parameters such as pesticide residues on leaf vegetables surface and to realize the automatic point scanning for the whole leaf vegetables samples, a suction device based on laboratory (self-designed) Raman spectroscopy hardware and a GUI application software based on the LabVIEW development platform were developed. This system can test the Raman spectroscopy of the whole spinach including the automatic collection, display and storage of the Raman signal of all the scanned points by set up different scan step. A new method to remove the Raman spectrum background was proposed based on data replacement with linear equation at the range of threshold spectrum on both sides of the effective peaks according to the characteristics of spinach original spectra.

[Research on Identification and Determination of Pesticides in Apples Using Raman Spectroscopy].

Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods has been thought to an efficient method for identification and determination of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. In the present research, a rapid and nondestructive method was proposed and testified based on self-developed Raman system for the identification and determination of deltamethrin and acetamiprid remaining in apple. The peaks of Raman spectra at 574 and 843 cm(-1) can be used to identify deltamethrin and acetamiprid, respectively, the characteristic peaks of deltamethrin and acetamiprid were still visible when the concentrations of the two pesticides were 0.

[A method for assessing the total viable count of fresh meat based on hyperspectral scattering technique].

The objective of this study is to develop a hyperspectral imaging system to predict the bacteria total viable count in fresh pork. The hyperspectral scattering data were curvefitted by different fitting methods, and correlation differences of models were compared based on the bacteria total viable count of fresh pork, thus providing modeling basis of device for future study. Total 63 fresh pork samples which was used in the experiment were stored at 4 degrees C in the refrigerator of constant temperature.

[Near-infrared hyperspectral imaging combined with CARS algorithm to quantitatively determine soluble solids content in "Ya" pear].

The present study proposed competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) algorithm to be used to select the key variables from near-infrared hyperspectral imaging data of "Ya" pear. The performance of the developed model was evaluated in terms of the coefficient of determination(r2), and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and the ratio (RPD) of standard deviation of the validation set to standard error of prediction were used to evaluate the performance of proposed model in the prediction process. The selected key variables were used to build the PLS model, called CARS-PLS model.

[Rapid nondestructive detection of water content in fresh pork based on spectroscopy technique combined with support vector machine].

Visible near infrared reflectance spectra in the range of 350 nm to 1700 nm were collected from 98 pork samples to develop online, rapid and nondestructive detection system for water content in fresh pork Median smoothing filter (M-filter), multiplication scatter correlation (MSC) and first derivative (FD) were used as compound preprocessing method to reduce noise present in the original spectrum. Seventy four samples were randomly selected to develop training model and remaining 24 samples were used to test the model. The optimal punishment parameters for the support vector machine (SVM) were determined by using cross--validation and grid--search in the training set.

[A rapid nondestructive measurement method for assessing the total plate count on chilled pork surface].

The present paper proposed a method based on the hyperspectral technology for rapidly, nondestructively quantify the total plate count on chilled pork surface. In the research, 50 chilled pork samples stored at 4 degrees C for 1-14 days were used to study the relationship between the total plate count on chilled pork surface and their hyperspectral images collected in 400-1 100 nm. Two models were established using MLR and PLSR methods, and the prediction showed that they can both give satisfactory results with R(v) = 0.

[Study of spatially resolved hyperspectral scattering images for assessing beef quality characteristics].

Hyperspectral scattering techniques were used to predict beef pH, tenderness (i. e. WBSF: Warner-Bratzler Shear Force) and color parameters.

[Measurement of chlorophyll content in wheat leaves using hyperspectral scanning].

The objective of the present research was to evaluate the potential of hyperspectral scanning as a way for nondestructive measurement of chlorophyll content in wheat leaves, which can indicates the plant healthy status. One hundred twenty samples were randomly picked from Xiao Tangshan farm. Ninety samples were used as calibration set and others were used for verification set.

[Study on modeling method of total viable count of fresh pork meat based on hyperspectral imaging system].

Once the total viable count (TVC) of bacteria in fresh pork meat exceeds a certain number, it will become pathogenic bacteria. The present paper is to explore the feasibility of hyperspectral imaging technology combined with relevant modeling method for the prediction of TVC in fresh pork meat. For the certain kind of problem that has remarkable nonlinear characteristic and contains few samples, as well as the problem that has large amount of data used to express the information of spectrum and space dimension, it is crucial to choose a logical modeling method in order to achieve good prediction result.