Investigation of ocular biometry in 4- to 9-year-old Chinese children.

Purpose: To investigate the distribution and changes in ocular biometry in 4-to to 9-year-old Chinese children and to compare the differences between age and genders in these parameters.

Methods: This was a school-based cross-sectional study. A total of 1,528 Chinese children, aged 4-9 years, from one primary school and 12 kindergartens, were included in the study.

Mapping Chinese annual gross primary productivity with eddy covariance measurements and machine learning.

Annual gross primary productivity (AGPP) is the basis for grain production and terrestrial carbon sequestration. Mapping regional AGPP from site measurements provides methodological support for analysing AGPP spatiotemporal variations thereby ensures regional food security and mitigates climate change. Based on 641 site-year eddy covariance measuring AGPP from China, we built an AGPP mapping scheme based on its formation and selected the optimal mapping way, which was conducted through analysing the predicting performances of divergent mapping tools, variable combinations, and mapping approaches in predicting observed AGPP variations.

A novel analysis of Scheimpflug total corneal refractive power following corneal cross-linking in mild to moderate keratoconus.

Aim: To detect an earlier improvement in mild to moderate keratoconus following corneal cross-linking (CXL) with total corneal refractive power (TCRP) using ray tracing method.

Methods: A total of 40 eyes of 30 consecutive patients who underwent CXL for progressive keratoconus were retrospectively enrolled. The following keratometric parameters provided by Pentacam HR, including maximum keratometry (Kmax), steepest keratometry (Ksteep), 3 mm zonal TCRP centered over corneal apex (TCRP 3 mm), zonal mean keratometry and TCRP centered over corneal cone (Km and TCRP 1, 2, 3 mm) were evaluated preoperatively and 1, 3, 6, and 12mo postoperatively.

[Effects of simulated acid rain on soil NO emission from typical forest in subtropical sou-thern China].

Based on a long-term simulated acid rain experiment, soil NO emission fluxes were measured using static chambers and the gas chromatography method in a coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest and a monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest in southern China. During the five-year observation periods (2014-2018), soil NO emission fluxes in the two forests showed obvious seasonal variation. The soil NO emission fluxes in wet season were significantly higher than that in dry season, with a large annual variation.

The thickness and volume of the choroid, outer retinal layers and retinal pigment epithelium layer changes in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Aim: To evaluate the thickness and volume changes of the choroidal, outer retinal layers (ORL) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and correlate them with visual acuity.

Methods: We carried out a retrospective observational case series. Consecutive DR patients were recruited for color fundus photography and OCT assessment.

[Accumulation of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in Pinus yunnanensis forests at different age stages].

Taking three Pinus yunnanensis forests at different ages (19, 28 and 45 a) in Panxian County of Guizhou Province as test objects, we investigated vertical distributions and accumulation rates of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN), as well as their relationships with soil bulk density. For the three forests at different age stages, SOC and TN changed consistently along the soil profile, declining with the soil depth. Both SOC and TN storage increased with the forest age.

[Assessments of total corneal power and intraocular lens power in post-LASIK eyes].

Objective: To compare the different evaluations of corneal power in post-laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) eyes and assess the accuracy and differences of intraocular lens (IOL) power prediction with corneal powers through different calculation methods.

Methods: For this prospective study, 71 eyes of 39 candidates undergoing LASIK and 3 months later returning for reexamination were included. All subjects were divided into 2 groups according to the axial length: Group A (23.

[Radiometers performance attenuation and data correction in long-term observation of total radiation and photosynthetically active radiation in typical forest ecosystems in China].

Based on the total radiation and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) observations with net radiometer (CNR1) and quantum sensor (Li-190SB) in 4 ChinaFLUX forest sites (Changbaishan, Qianyanzhou, Dinghushan, and Xishuangbanna) in 2003-2008, this paper analyzed the uncertainties and the radiometers performance changes in long-term and continuous field observation. The results showed that the 98% accuracy of the total radiation measured with CNR1 (Q(cNR1)) could satisfy the technical criterion for the sites except Xishuangbanna where the Q(CNR1) was averagely about 7% lower than Q(CM11), the radiation measured with high accuracy pyranometer CM11. For most sites, though the temperature had definite effects on the performance of CNR1, the effects were still within the allowable range of the accuracy of the instrument.