Indoxyl Sulfate Inhibits Osteogenesis in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells through the AhR/Hes1 Pathway.

Uremic toxins cause bone disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). These disorders are characterized by low turnover osteodystrophy and impaired bone formation in the early stages of CKD. Evidence indicates that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediates signals that suppress early osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).

The Uniform Distribution of Hydroxyapatite in a Polyurethane Foam-Based Scaffold (PU/HAp) to Enhance Bone Repair in a Calvarial Defect Model.

Polyurethane (PU) is a promising material for addressing challenges in bone grafting. This study was designed to enhance the bone grafting capabilities of PU by integrating hydroxyapatite (HAp), which is known for its osteoconductive and osteoinductive potential. Moreover, a uniform distribution of HAp in the porous structure of PU increased the effectiveness of bone grafts.

Water temperature for fabrication of autopolymerizing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) interim fixed restoration affects cytotoxicity and residual methyl methacrylate (MMA).

Background/purpose: Clinically, dentists are suggested to immerse autopolymerizing interim fixed restorations in hot water during fabrication. However, this suggestion, without including the best temperature, mostly comes from clinical experience instead of scientific evidence. This in vitro study evaluated the effect of water temperature on the cytotoxicity of interim partial fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) and examined its correlation with residual MMA.

Simvastatin Attenuates Areca Nut Extract-Induced Subdermal Fibrosis in Mice by Targeting TGF-β Signaling Pathways.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic inflammatory disease and a potentially malignant oral disorder, characterized by fibrosis of the oral mucosa. TGF-β signaling pathways have been implicated in the development of OSMF, with areca nut extract (ANE) contributing to the disease progression. Simvastatin, a statin drug, has demonstrated anti-fibrotic properties in various fibrotic conditions.

A Multifunctional Polyethylene Glycol/Triethoxysilane-Modified Polyurethane Foam Dressing with High Absorbency and Antiadhesion Properties Promotes Diabetic Wound Healing.

The delayed healing of chronic wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), is a clinical problem. Few dressings can promote wound healing by satisfying the demands of chronic wound exudate management and tissue granulation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prepare a high-absorption polyurethane (PU) foam dressing modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and triethoxysilane (APTES) to promote wound healing.

Chondrocyte Thrombomodulin Protects against Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent form of arthritis that affects over 32.5 million adults worldwide, causing significant cartilage damage and disability. Unfortunately, there are currently no effective treatments for OA, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches.

Cordycepin Induces Apoptosis through JNK-Mediated Caspase Activation in Human OEC-M1 Oral Cancer Cells.

Cordycepin, a bioactive compound extracted from , can induce apoptosis in human OEC-M1 oral cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism is still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of cordycepin-induced apoptosis in OEC-M1 cells.

Ablation of Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 Provokes an Osteopenic Phenotype by Regulating Osteoblast/Osteocyte Autophagy and Apoptosis.

Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a collagen receptor that belongs to the receptor tyrosine kinase family. We have previously shown that DDR1 plays a crucial role during bone development, resulting in dwarfism and a short stature in osteoblast-specific knockout mice (OKO mice). However, the detailed pathophysiological effects of DDR1 on bone development throughout adulthood have remained unclear.

Anabolic Effects of a Novel Simvastatin Derivative on Treating Rat Bone Defects.

Large bone defects may develop fracture nonunion, leading to disability and psychosocial burdens. Bone grafting with anabolic agents is a good autografting alternative. Simvastatin, as a cholesterol-lowering agent worldwide, is proven to enhance osteogenesis.

Xanthine Derivative KMUP-1 Attenuates Experimental Periodontitis by Reducing Osteoclast Differentiation and Inflammation.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of gum that may predispose to serious systemic complications such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Activation of macrophages and osteoclasts around periodontal tissue can accelerate gum inflammation. In addition, alteration of cyclic nucleotide levels is associated with the severity of periodontitis.

The Effects of Photobiomodulation on Bone Defect Repairing in a Diabetic Rat Model.

The purpose of this study is to examine the prospective therapeutic effects of photobiomodulation on the healing of bone defects in diabetic mellitus (DM) using rat models to provide basic knowledge of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) during bone defect repair. For in vitro study, an Alizzarin red stain assay was used to evaluate the effect of PBMT on osteogenic differentiation. For in vivo study, micro-computed tomography (microCT) scan, H&E and IHC stain analysis were used to investigate the effect of PBMT on the healing of the experimental calvarial defect (3 mm in diameter) of a diabetic rat model.

Hybrid ZnO/chitosan antimicrobial coatings with enhanced mechanical and bioactive properties for titanium implants.

A biocomposite coating comprising chitosan and ZnO deposited on a porous Ti oxide is developed to avoid orthopedic and dental implant-related infections. The coating comprised of an inner layer of nanoporous TiO and the outer layer of the chitosan matrix with ZnO nanoparticles. Microbiological tests show that chitosan coating is effective against Escherichia coli (E.

Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 Regulates Runx2 during Osteogenesis of Osteoblasts and Promotes Bone Ossification via Phosphorylation of p38.

Discoidin domain receptor 1 () is a collagen-binding membrane protein, but its role in osteoblasts during osteogenesis remains undefined. We generated inducible osteoblast-specific knockout (OKOΔ) mice; their stature at birth, body weight and body length were significantly decreased compared with those of control mice. We hypothesize that regulates osteogenesis of osteoblasts.

Discoidin Domain Receptors 1 Inhibition Alleviates Osteoarthritis via Enhancing Autophagy.

We recently reported that the chondrocyte-specific knockout of discoidin domain receptors 1 (Ddr1) delayed endochondral ossification (EO) in the growth plate by reducing the chondrocyte hypertrophic terminal differentiation, and apoptosis. The biologic and phenotypic changes in chondrocytes in the articular cartilage with osteoarthritis (OA) are similar to the phenomena observed in the process of EO. Additionally, autophagy can promote chondrocyte survival and prevent articular cartilage from degradation in OA.

Photobiomodulation therapy inhibits oral submucous fibrosis in mice.

Objectives: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic inflammatory disease and a potentially malignant oral disorder. However, the best therapeutic treatment for OSMF remains uncertain. Our previous study showed that photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy and forskolin could reduce arecoline-induced fibrosis reactions via the cAMP pathway.

A study of Drynaria fortunei in modulation of BMP–2 signalling by bone tissue engineering.

Background/aim: Drynaria fortunei (Gusuibu; GSB) is a popular traditional Chinese medicine used for bone repair. An increasing number of studies have reported that GSB induces osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). These results provide insight into the application of GSB for bone tissue engineering techniques used to repair large bone defects.

The feasibility of eco-friendly electrical discharge machining for surface modification of Ti: A comparison study in surface properties, bioactivity, and cytocompatibility.

This study provided an eco-friendly manufacturing method for Ti implants by combining machining and surface treatment processes. Ti was machined by electrical discharge machining (EDM) in a water-based dielectric in order to reduce environmental impact and improve operational health. The feasibility of this eco-friendly EDM was evaluated by tested the bioactivity and cytocompatibility of the EDM-treated Ti and the commercially micro-arc oxidation (MAO)-treated Ti was used as a control group.

Application of simulation-based CYP26 SNP-environment barcodes for evaluating the occurrence of oral malignant disorders by odds ratio-based binary particle swarm optimization: A case-control study in the Taiwanese population.

Introduction: Genetic polymorphisms and social factors (alcohol consumption, betel quid (BQ) usage, and cigarette consumption), both separately or jointly, play a crucial role in the occurrence of oral malignant disorders such as oral and pharyngeal cancers and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD).

Material And Methods: Simultaneous analyses of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and environmental effects on oral malignant disorders are essential to examine, albeit challenging. Thus, we conducted a case-control study (N = 576) to analyze the risk of occurrence of oral malignant disorders by using binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) with an odds ratio (OR)-based method.

Combination of a Bioceramic Scaffold and Simvastatin Nanoparticles as a Synthetic Alternative to Autologous Bone Grafting.

The fragile nature of porous bioceramic substitutes cannot match the toughness of bone, which limits the use of these materials in clinical load-bearing applications. Statins can enhance bone healing, but it could show rhabdomyolysis/inflammatory response after overdosing. In this study, the drug-containing bone grafts were developed from poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid)-polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG) nanoparticles encapsulating simvastatin (SIM) (SIM-PP NPs) loaded within an appropriately mechanical bioceramic scaffold (BC).

The effect of low-level laser irradiation on hyperglycemia-induced inflammation in human gingival fibroblasts.

Hyperglycemia-induced inflammation can greatly increase the risk of periodontal disease in people with diabetes. Low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) has been used for wound healing and anti-inflammation in many cases, and LLLI is known to inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory response. However, the therapeutic effect of LLLI in diabetes patients with periodontitis remains unknown.

Transforming growth factor beta 1 mediates the low-frequency vertical vibration enhanced production of tenomodulin and type I collagen in rat Achilles tendon.

Vertical vibration (VV) is a whole-body vibration with mechanical loading that commonly used in rehabilitation and sports training to increase athlete muscle strength. Our previous study showed that low-magnitude, low-frequency VV at 8 Hz and 10 Hz increased myoblast myogenesis. Herein, we investigated whether a VV frequency at low-frequency 5-10 Hz has anabolic effects on tenocytes and improves tendon stiffness.

Anti-inflammatory effects of low-level laser therapy on human periodontal ligament cells: in vitro study.

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that is commonly treated with surgical and nonsurgical techniques. However, both approaches have limitations. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been widely applied in reducing inflammatory reactions, and research indicates that LLLT induces an anti-inflammatory effect that may enhance periodontal disease therapy.