Intestinal and Limb Ischemic Preconditioning Provides a Combined Protective Effect in the Late Phase, But not in the Early Phase, Against Intestinal Injury Induced by Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats.

Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to compare the protective efficacy of intestinal ischemic preconditioning (IIPC) and limb ischemic preconditioning (LIPC) against intestinal I/R injury and investigate their combined protective effect and the underlying mechanism. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with IIPC, LIPC, or IIPC plus LIPC (combined), and intestinal I/R or sham operation was performed.