EFLDO induces apoptosis in hepatic cancer cells by caspase activation in vitro and suppresses tumor growth in vivo.

To study the apoptosis induced by EFLDO (ent-3α-formylabieta-8(14), 13(15)-dien-16,12β-olide), extracted from the Euphorbia lunulata Bge, in the HepG2 cell line and to study the antitumor activity of this compound in vivo, Cell viability and migration were evaluated with CCK-8 (2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3- (4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt) and wound healing assays, respectively. In addition, the cell cycle was examined using flow cytometry after propidium iodide (PI) staining. Apoptosis was analyzed by using the Annexin V/PI staining assay.

A trehalose ester from Lancea tibetica.

A phytochemical study of the 95% ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Lancea tibetica Hook. f. et Thoms.

Two new diterpene derivatives from Euphorbia lunulata Bge and their anti-proliferative activities.

A new ent-abietane-type diterpene lactone (1) and a new jatrophane-type diterpenoid (2), together with twelve known compounds including three diterpenes (3-5), five triterpenes (6-10) and four sterides (11-14) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the whole plant of Euphorbia lunulata Bge. The structure of compounds 1 and 2 was elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra and the HR-ESI-MS data. The structure of compound 2 was further analyzed by an X-ray crystallographic study.

Triterpenoids of Euphorbia kansuensis Proch.

Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract of Euphorbia kansuensis Proch. led to the isolation of three new triterpenoids, along with ten known compounds. Their structures were established by extensive 1D and 2D NMR, as well as other spectrum analysis.

[Distribution characteristics of land use pattern on terrain gradient in Jiaodong mountainous areas at county level].

Based on RS and GIS techniques, and combining with digital terrain index and land use degree composite index, this paper studied the changes of land use pattern in Qixia City of Shandong Province form 1987 to 2003, and quantitatively analyzed the land use degree on terrain gradient. The results indicated that in the City, construction land had obvious advantageous on lower terrain niche, the advantageous terrain niche section of orchard increased by six terrain niche and distributed from aggregation to uniformity, while the advantageous terrain niche of crop land, forest land, grass land, water area, and unutilized land generally remained stable during the study period. According to the quantitative expression of land use degree on terrain gradient, terrain niche was divided into three sections, i.

[Neighborhood relationships of land use spatial pattern in Qixia City].

By using the modules of neighborhood statistics and spatial analysis in ArcGIS software, an analysis was conducted with neighborhood factors on the spatiotemporal variation trend of the neighborhood relationships among main land use types in Qixia City of Shandong Province from 1987 to 2003. The results indicated that the neighborhood relationships between different land use types increased with increasing neighborhood distance, while those among the same land use types manifested congregation, which decreased with increasing neighborhood distance. From 1987 to 2003, the neighborhood relationships between construction land and orchard land, and between woodland and orchard land presented decreasing trend, while those of construction land with woodland and grassland were in adverse.