Refined design of a DNA logic gate for implementing a DNA-based three-level circuit.

DNA computing circuits are favored by researchers because of their high density, high parallelism, and biocompatibility. However, compared with electronic circuits, current DNA circuits have significant errors in understanding the OFF state and logic "0". Nowadays, DNA circuits only have two input states: logic "0" and logic "1", where logic "0" also means the OFF state.

Automatic high-throughput and non-invasive selection of sperm at the biochemical level.

Background: Sperm selection, a key step in assisted reproductive technology (ART), has long been restrained at the preliminary physical level (morphology or motility); however, subsequent fertilization and embryogenesis are complicated biochemical processes. Such an enormous "gap" poses tough problems for couples dealing with infertility, especially patients with severe/total asthenozoospermia .

Methods: We developed a biochemical-level, automatic-screening/separation, smart droplet-TO-hydrogel chip (BLASTO-chip) for sperm selection.

Enhancing APE1 detection through apurinic/apyrimidinic site inhibition of DNA polymerase: an innovative, highly sensitive approach.

This study presents an innovative method for the highly sensitive detection of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), a crucial biomarker and target for cancer diagnosis and treatment. The method is predicated on our discovery that the apurinic or apyrimidinic site (AP site) can inhibit the activity of Taq DNA polymerase. Subsequent experiments further led to the development of a new amplification method based on the digestion activity of Lambda exonuclease.

DNA strand displacement and TdT-Mediated DNA extension for swift, convenient, and quantitative evaluation of sperm DNA integrity and its clinical implications.

DNA integrity is crucial for the clinical pregnancy outcome and offspring health, while detection methods currently used (comet assay, TUNNEL assay, SCSA, etc.) can only provide the ratio of positive sperms at the cellular level and are unable to quantitatively detect the breakpoints at the DNA molecular level. Herein, we developed a detection system based on terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and DNA strand displacement fluorescent probe, which could efficiently and conveniently measure the number of 3'-OH (equivalent to the number of breakpoints).

The effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on cognitive function outcomes in the elderly depends on the baseline omega-3 index.

Both epidemiological and preclinical studies have shown the benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) on dementia and cognitive impairment, yet the results of clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed to date are conflicting. The difference in the baseline omega-3 index (O3i) of subjects is a potential cause for this disparity, yet this is usually ignored. The present meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) on cognitive function in the elderly and the role of baseline O3i.

CD147 Facilitates the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis through Glycolysis and H3K9me3 Modification in Keratinocytes.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease featuring rapid proliferation of epidermal cells. Although elevated glycolysis flux has been reported in psoriasis, the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis remain unclear. We investigated the role of the integral membrane protein CD147 in psoriasis pathogenesis, observing its high expression in psoriatic skin lesions of humans and imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse models.

Topological antichiral surface states in a magnetic Weyl photonic crystal.

Chiral edge states that propagate oppositely at two parallel strip edges are a hallmark feature of Chern insulators which were first proposed in the celebrated two-dimensional (2D) Haldane model. Subsequently, counterintuitive antichiral edge states that propagate in the same direction at two parallel strip edges were discovered in a 2D modified Haldane model. Recently, chiral surface states, the 2D extension of one-dimensional (1D) chiral edge states, have also been observed in a photonic analogue of a 3D Haldane model.

Lysophosphatidylcholine facilitates the pathogenesis of psoriasis through activating keratinocytes and T cells differentiation via glycolysis.

Background: Although abnormal metabolism plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, the details are unclear.

Objectives: Here, we identified to explore the role and mechanism of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) on the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

Methods: The level of LPC in plasma and skin lesions and the expression of G2A on skin lesions of psoriasis patients were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, or immunohistochemistry, respectively.

clay with enhanced affinity for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.

Motivated by the need for enhancing sorbent affinity for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), we demonstrate the possibility of rationally designing clay-based material (FluoroClay) with a pre-selected intercalant and predicting sorbent performance using all-atom molecular dynamics simulation coupled with density functional theory-based computation. Perfluorohexyldodecane quaternary ammonium (F6H12A) as the selected intercalant revealed significant enhancement in adsorption affinity for hard-to-remove compounds, including perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) and polyfluoroalkylethers (GenX and ADONA). The adsorption is thermodynamically entropy-driven and dominated by the hydrophobic effect.

Supplementation with α-ketoglutarate improved the efficacy of anti-PD1 melanoma treatment through epigenetic modulation of PD-L1.

Patients with advanced melanoma have shown an improved outlook after anti-PD1 therapy, but the low response rate restricts clinical benefit; therefore, enhancing anti-PD1 therapeutic efficacy remains a major challenge. Here, our findings showed a significantly increased abundance of α-KG in healthy controls, anti-PD1-sensitive melanoma-bearing mice, and anti-PD1-sensitive melanoma patients; moreover, supplementation with α-KG enhanced the efficacy of anti-PD1 immunotherapy and increased PD-L1 expression in melanoma tumors via STAT1/3. We also found that supplementation with α-KG significantly increased the activity of the methylcytosine dioxygenases TET2/3, which led to an increased 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) level in the PD-L1 promoter.

A single- and multiple-dose study to characterize the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of ceftolozane/tazobactam in healthy Chinese participants.

Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) is approved in several countries to treat complicated urinary tract infections, complicated intra-abdominal infections, and nosocomial pneumonia. There is a paucity of pharmacokinetics and safety data for C/T in Chinese participants. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of C/T in 12 healthy Chinese participants after three single administrations of increasing doses (0.

Lipidomic profiling reveals metabolic signatures in psoriatic skin lesions.

Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease. Lipids play an important role in regulating the inflammatory response. However, the alteration of lipids involved in psoriasis particular in skin lesions remain unclear.

Multiband topological states in the Penrose-triangle photonic crystals.

The topological edge state (TES) and topological corner state (TCS) in photonic crystals (PCs) provide effective ways to manipulate the propagation of light. To improve the performance and integration of topological photonic devices, the realization of multiband topological states by PCs combined with quasi-periodic structure needs to be urgently explored. In this Letter, a Penrose-triangle (P-T) PC, which arranges the basic structural unit of a 12-fold Penrose-type photonic quasi-crystal (PQC) in a triangular lattice, is proposed.

Advancements in the characterization of tissue resident memory T cells in skin disease.

The newly discovered subset of memory T cells, tissue resident memory T (TRM) cells, reside in peripheral tissues for a long time, contributing to a rapid immune response and constituting the first line of defense when pathogens invade cells. Tissue resident memory T cells have unique transcriptome characteristics, and their presence in peripheral tissues is regulated by many factors. TRM cells residing in different tissues often express different surface markers.

Observation of Dirac Hierarchy in Three-Dimensional Acoustic Topological Insulators.

Dirac cones (DCs) play a pivotal role in various unique phenomena ranging from massless electrons in graphene to robust surface states in topological insulators (TIs). Recent studies have theoretically revealed a full Dirac hierarchy comprising an eightfold bulk DC, a fourfold surface DC, and a twofold hinge DC, associated with a hierarchy of topological phases including first-order to third-order three-dimensional (3D) topological insulators, using the same 3D base lattice. Here, we report the first experimental observation of the Dirac hierarchy in 3D acoustic TIs.

Topical VX-509 attenuates psoriatic inflammation through the STAT3/FABP5 pathway in keratinocytes.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease, with lesions mainly manifesting as scaly erythematous plaques. The mild or moderate of psoriasis is the main type of patients in hospital, and topical application remains the preferred treatment option for psoriasis therapy, therefore, the development of novel topical agents has an essential role in psoriasis therapy.

Objective: To identify potential drugs for psoriasis topical treatment.

Higher-order topological states in two-dimensional Stampfli-Triangle photonic crystals.

In this Letter, the higher-order topological state (HOTS) and its mechanism in two-dimensional Stampfli-Triangle (2D S-T) photonic crystals (PhCs) is explored. The topological corner states (TCSs) in 2D S-T PhCs are based on two physical mechanisms: one is caused by the photonic quantum spin Hall effect (PQSHE), and the other is caused by the topological interface state. While the former leads to the spin-direction locked effect which can change the distribution of the TCSs, the latter is conducive to the emergence of multiband TCSs in the same structure due to the characteristics of plentiful photonic bandgap (PBG) and broadband in 2D S-T PhCs.

Mechanism-Based Pharmacokinetic Model for the Deglycosylation Kinetics of 20(S)-Ginsenosides Rh2.

The 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) is being developed as a new antitumor drug. However, to date, little is known about the kinetics of its deglycosylation metabolite (protopanoxadiol) (PPD) following Rh2 administration. The aim of this work was to 1) simultaneously characterise the pharmacokinetics of Rh2 and PPD following intravenous and oral Rh2 administration, 2) develop and validate a mechanism-based pharmacokinetic model to describe the deglycosylation kinetics and 3) predict the percentage of Rh2 entering the systemic circulation in PPD form.

The effects of polyethersulfone and Nylon 6 micromembrane filters on the pyraclostrobin detection: adsorption performance and mechanism.

Adsorption of test substances on micromembrane filters during sample pretreatment before qualitative and quantitative analysis has greatly affected the accuracy of the measurement. In the present study, it was found that the adsorption rate of pyraclostrobin reached 77.7-100% when water samples of pyraclostrobin (1 mL) were filtered with polyethersulfone (PES) and Nylon 6 filters.

Pseudo-spin-valley coupled topological states protected by different symmetries in photonic crystals.

The quantum spin Hall effect protected by C symmetry [realized in the domain wall (DW) formed by a trivial-photonic crystal (TPC) and a nontrivial-PC (NPC)] and the quantum valley Hall effect protected by C symmetry [realized in the DW formed by two valley PCs (VPCs)] have been widely researched due to their excellent topological properties. The topological edge states (TESs) and topological corner states (TCSs) at DWs between different symmetric structures remain to be explored, which is essential for connecting waveguides with different symmetries to construct optical communication devices. In this Letter, there is (are) one TES (two TESs) for the DW1 and DW3 (DW2 and DW4) between the TPC (NPC) and two VPCs.

Novel chloroquine derivative suppresses melanoma cell growth by DNA damage through increasing ROS levels.

Melanoma is a fatal cancer with a significant feature of resistance to traditional chemotherapeutic drugs and radiotherapy. A mutation in the kinase BRAF is observed in more than 66% of metastatic melanoma cases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new BRAF-mutant melanoma inhibitors.

Multiband topological states in non-Hermitian photonic crystals.

Novel phenomena found in non-Hermitian systems and robust edge states have attracted much attention. When non-Hermitian parameters (gain and loss) are above a critical value, the non-Hermitian photonic crystal (PC) bandgaps close, leading to a mixture of the topological edge state (TES) and topological corner state (TCS) with the bulk state. Meanwhile, new bandgaps also open, in which new TES and TCS can appear.