Publications by authors named "Yan Zhuang"

Objective: Advancing the understanding of the pathophysiology of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) and other eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) has spurred research into targeted biological therapies, while the conclusive therapeutic efficacy of biologics remains uncertain. In this review, we conducted a meta-analysis of all RCTS of biologics in the treatment of EoE to evaluate their efficacy and safety and discussed their treatment of non-EoE EGIDs.

Methods: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Studies have suggested that dietary copper and zinc intakes may be associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), however, prospective evidence is lacking. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the relationship between dietary copper, zinc, and copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) ratio intakes and the development of IBS in a long-term cohort. A total of 175,421 participants in the UK Biobank without IBS at baseline were included.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are natural by-products of oxygen metabolism. As signaling molecules, ROS can regulate various physiological processes in the body. However excessive ROS may be a major cause of inflammatory diseases.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy and safety of exchange transfusion in neonates with severe pertussis.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for the medical data of five neonates with severe pertussis who underwent exchange transfusion in the Department of Neonatology, Hunan Children's Hospital, from August 2019 to March 2024. The clinical characteristics of the patients were summarized, and the efficacy and adverse reactions of exchange transfusion were analyzed.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • * The catalyst uses a synergistic effect that enhances its selectivity for a single product, achieving an impressive Faradaic Efficiency (FE) value of 29.03 at a specific potential.
  • * Additionally, the research combines experimental measurements with theoretical models to explain how the catalyst's electronic structure is tuned to improve CO reduction while minimizing hydrogen production, contributing to better design strategies for future electrocatalysts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Terahertz (THz) absorbers based on the Salisbury screen have attracted significant attention for high absorption performance and simple structure. Graphene is suitable for high-performance THz absorbers due to its extraordinary electronic and optical properties. The study of graphene THz absorbers based on Salisbury screens has attracted great interest, where the number of graphene layers significantly affects the interface impedance matching and absorption efficiency.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The circadian clock is an autonomous timekeeping system evolved by organisms to adapt to external changes, regulating a variety of important physiological and behavioral processes. Recent studies have shown that the sirtuin family of histone deacetylases is involved in regulating the expression of clock genes and plays an important role in maintaining the normal rhythm of clock gene expression and behavior. Moreover, sirtuins are regulated directly or indirectly by the circadian clock system.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • The study focuses on Stenotrophomonas rhizophila JC1 and its extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), which are effective in adsorbing heavy metals, particularly lead (Pb), in optimal fermentation conditions determined by the Box-Behnken design (BBD).
  • The composition of EPS includes glucose, glucosamine, galactose, and mannose in specific ratios, and it features four distinct polymers with varying molecular weights; the adsorption behaviors followed established models for kinetics and isotherms.
  • The findings indicate that Pb negatively affects alfalfa growth and development, but low concentrations of EPS can enhance seed germination and mitigate Pb stress, suggesting EPS's potential for soil
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • This study explores the role of Rhodococcus erythropolis KB1 in enhancing the remediation of TPH-contaminated soil through microbial-phytoremediation strategies.
  • KB1 promotes plant growth, helps degrade TPH, and supports stress resistance in alfalfa, leading to a 95% degradation rate when combined with plant-microbial remediation.
  • The research highlights that KB1's multifaceted abilities, including boosting soil nutrient levels and recruiting beneficial bacteria, significantly improve overall cleanup efforts for contaminated soils.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • This study investigates the modified medial approach for surgical treatment of distal humeral shaft fractures, highlighting its advantages for improved surgical exposure.
  • Sixteen cadaveric upper limb specimens were used to analyze key anatomical structures such as nerves and blood vessels relevant to this surgical method.
  • Results showed important measurements of the humeral shaft and surrounding structures, emphasizing the basilic vein as a crucial landmark and detailing the spatial relationships of nearby nerves and arteries for effective surgical planning.*
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Growing research has suggested an association between chronic inflammation and Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), but whether there is a causal effect remains unknown. This study adopted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to explore the etiological role of chronic inflammation in IVDD risk. Here, summary statistics for C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-1 , IL-1 , IL-6 expression and IVDD were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of European ancestry.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) often have chronic low-grade inflammation in the intestinal mucosa. Some dietary components are known to be associated with inflammation. However, there is currently limited research on the relationship between dietary inflammatory potential and the risk of IBS.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Oncolytic adenoviruses are being studied for their ability to kill cancer cells and modulate the immune response, but their potential immunosuppressive effects need further investigation.
  • This study shows that type V adenoviruses can change the behavior of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and increase regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the tumor microenvironment, which can hinder immune responses against tumors.
  • Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) can reprogram these macrophages to support anti-tumor activity and enhance the effectiveness of the adenovirus in fighting cancer, indicating a promising direction for future cancer therapies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • - The research investigates the link between copper intake and bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents (ages 8-19) using data from the NHANES 2011-2016 survey.
  • - In a sample of 6,965 participants, higher copper intake was associated with increased total, subtotal, and spine BMD, particularly among older males and certain racial groups.
  • - The study concludes that copper intake positively affects bone health in youth, highlighting the need for further research to confirm these findings and understand the underlying mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background GPT-4V (GPT-4 with vision, ChatGPT; OpenAI) has shown impressive performance in several medical assessments. However, few studies have assessed its performance in interpreting radiologic images. Purpose To assess and compare the accuracy of GPT-4V in assessing radiologic cases with both images and textual context to that of radiologists and residents, to assess if GPT-4V assistance improves human accuracy, and to assess and compare the accuracy of GPT-4V with that of image-only or text-only inputs.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: Conflicting associations have been noted between thyroid function and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), with indications that pre-pregnancy BMI might influence these relationships. This study aims to examine the effect of thyroid hormone indices and their mediation role on the risk of GDM.

Methods: Pregnant women in our study were recruited from the Zhoushan Pregnant Women Cohort, Zhejiang Province, China.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Lung tumor-promoting environmental exposures and γherpesvirus infections are associated with Type 17 inflammation. To test the effect of γherpesvirus infection in promoting lung tumorigenesis, we infected mutant K-Ras-expressing (K-Ras) mice with the murine γherpesvirus MHV68 via oropharyngeal aspiration. After 7 weeks, the infected mice displayed a more than 2-fold increase in lung tumors relative to their K-Ras uninfected littermates.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Preoperative fear and anxiety are prevalent in children undergoing surgery. The combination of esketamine and dexmedetomidine has been proposed as a promising premedication for enhancing preoperative sedation and analgesia. This study compared the premedication efficacy of intranasal esketamine alone and esketamine-dexmedetomidine combination in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

How to accurately design a personalized matching implant that can induce skull regeneration is the focus of current research. However, the design space for the porous structure of implants is extensive, and the mapping relationships between these structures and their mechanical and osteogenic properties are complex. At present, the forward design of skull implants mainly relies on expert experience, leading to high cost and a lengthy process, while the existing inverse design approaches face challenges due to data dependence and manufacturing process errors.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

In intensive care unit (ICU) patients undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV), the occurrence of difficult weaning contributes to increased ventilator-related complications, prolonged hospitalization duration, and a significant rise in healthcare costs. Therefore, early identification of influencing factors and prediction of patients at risk of difficult weaning can facilitate early intervention and preventive measures. This study aimed to strengthen airway management for ICU patients by constructing a risk prediction model with comprehensive and individualized offline programs based on machine learning techniques.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: To assess the fibrinogen function in patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis and explore the relationship between dysfibrinogenemia and bleeding and thrombotic events.

Methods: Medical records and laboratory data of the patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis were collected. Patients were categorized into three groups based on the Child-Pugh score.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Biomaterials with osteoinductivity are widely used for bone defect repair due to their unique structures and functions. Machine learning (ML) is pivotal in analyzing osteoinductivity and accelerating new material design. However, challenges include creating a comprehensive database of osteoinductive materials and dealing with low-quality, disparate data.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: Few comparisons have been implemented between different prenatal care utilization indices and their effects on adverse outcomes. This study investigated the appropriateness of Chinese antenatal care (ANC) regulations and compared Chinese and American adequacy of prenatal care utilization (APNCU) scores.

Methods: From 2010 to 2022, the medical records of 60,114 pregnant women were collected from the electronic medical record system (EMRS) in Zhoushan, China.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF