Competing mechanisms in bacterial invasion of human colon mucus probed with agent-based modeling.

The gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by a vast community of microorganisms, termed the gut microbiota. Large colonies can pose a health threat, but the gastrointestinal mucus system protects epithelial cells from microbiota invasion. The human colon features a bilayer of mucus lining.

Correction: Chen et al. Upconversion Fluorescence Nanoprobe-Based FRET for the Sensitive Determination of . 2022, , 795.

In the original publication, there is a mistake in Figure 1: A duplication error between 1B and 1C, which occurred due to the similarity of the images of the three nanoparticles [...

Development of a Dual Mode UCNPs-MB Biosensor in Combination with PCR for Sensitive Detection of .

In recent years, the high prevalence of has emerged as a serious threat to public safety, prompting attempts to utilize accurate, rapid, and direct methods to ensure food safety. In this study, a multifunctional platform featuring dual-mode detection channels (colorimetric-fluorescence) combined with polymer chain reaction (PCR) was proposed for the sensitive and rapid detection of . Additionally, the colorimetric measurements were achieved by color changes induced by methylene blue (MB) insertion into the double-stranded DNA, and the fluorescence measurements were performed by internal filter effect (IFE)-induced fluorescence quenching of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) by MB.

A novel ADA-coated UCNPs@NB sensing platform combined with nucleic acid amplification for rapid detection of Escherichia coli.

In this study, we reported a novel sensing platform based on fluorescence quenching composed of alendronic acid (ADA) coated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and Nile Blue (NB) combined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli). As a fluorescence acceptor, NB has a broad absorption band and can quench upconversion fluorescence intensity at 544 nm and 658 nm based on IFE.

Upconversion Fluorescence Nanoprobe-Based FRET for the Sensitive Determination of .

as a typical foodborne pathogen has strong survivability in the environment or food, leading to infectious diseases, yet its rapid detection technology with high selectivity and sensitivity remains challenging. In this study, complementary strand modified upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) can offer stable yellow-green fluorescence at 500-700 nm excited by a 980 nm laser. Importantly, aptamer modified gold nanoparticles (GNPs) formed by "Au-S" bond act as a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) donor and recognition element that can bind specifically to and significantly quench the fluorescence of complementary strand modified UCNPs.

Rethinking chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity assessment for agrochemicals project (ReCAAP): A reporting framework to support a weight of evidence safety assessment without long-term rodent bioassays.

Rodent cancer bioassays have been long-required studies for regulatory assessment of human cancer hazard and risk. These studies use hundreds of animals, are resource intensive, and certain aspects of these studies have limited human relevance. The past 10 years have seen an exponential growth of new technologies with the potential to effectively evaluate human cancer hazard and risk while reducing, refining, or replacing animal use.

Weight of evidence analysis of the tumorigenic potential of 1,3-dichloropropene supports a threshold-based risk assessment.

1,3-Dichloropropene (1,3-D; CAS #542-75-6) is a fumigant used for preplant treatment of soil to control parasitic nematodes and manage soil borne diseases for numerous fruit, vegetable, field and tree and vine crops across diverse global agricultural areas. In the USA, 1,3-D has historically been classified by the U.S.

In vivo mutagenicity evaluation of the soil fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene.

1,3-Dichloropropene (1,3-D; CAS No. 542-75-6) is a soil fumigant used for the control of nematodes in agriculture. There is an extensive database on the genotoxicity of 1,3-D and many of the published studies are confounded by the presence of mutagenic stabilisers in the test substance.

A rat subchronic study transcriptional point of departure estimates a carcinogenicity study apical point of departure.

Considerations of human relevance and animal use are driving research to identify new approaches to inform risk assessment of chemicals and replace guideline-based rodent carcinogenicity tests. Here, the hypothesis was tested across four agrochemicals that 1) a rat 90-day transcriptome-based BEPOD is protective of a rat carcinogenicity study and 2) a subchronic liver or kidney BEPOD would approximate a cancer bioassay apical POD derived from other organs and a rat subchronic BEPOD would approximate a mouse cancer bioassay apical POD. Using RNA sequencing and BMDExpress software, liver and/or kidney BEPOD values were generated in male rats exposed for 90 days to either Triclopyr Acid, Pronamide, Sulfoxaflor, or Fenpicoxamid.

A retrospective study on EU harmonised classifications for carcinogenicity to guide future research.

Under European Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on the classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP), chemicals can be classified as carcinogenic if they are considered to induce tumours, increase tumour incidence and/or malignancy, or shorten the time to tumour occurrence. Cancer classifications are divided into different hazard categories: Carc. 1A (known human carcinogen), Carc.

Preliminary evidence of the association between DNAm and orbital volumetry in GO.

Background: The pathogenesis underlying the alterations of orbital architecture in Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is not yet fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate the association of DNA methylation in peripheral blood and orbital volumetry in Chinese patients with GO.

Methods: A total of 35 GO subjects (70 orbits) were subjected to computed tomography (CT) scan.

Relevance of mouse lung tumors to human risk assessment.

Mouse lung is a common site for chemical tumorigenicity, but the relevance to human risk remains debated. Long-term bioassays need to be assessed for appropriateness of the dose, neither exceeding Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) nor Kinetically based Maximum Dose (KMD). An example of the KMD issue is 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), which only produced an increased incidence of lung tumors at a dose exceeding the KMD.

Metabolic Basis for Nonlinearity in 1,3-Dichloropropene Toxicokinetics and Use in Setting a Kinetically-derived Maximum Inhalation Exposure Concentration in Mice.

1,3-Dichloropropene (1,3-D) showed a statistically increased incidence of bronchioloalveolar adenomas in male B6C3F1 mice at 60 ppm air concentration during previous chronic inhalation testing. No tumors were observed in female mice, nor in either sex of F344 rats up to 60 ppm, the highest dose tested. Therefore, to understand if lung tumors observed in high dose male mice are due to saturation of metabolic clearance, the linearity of 1,3-D concentrations in mouse blood was investigated on day 15 of repeated nose-only inhalation exposure to 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, and 120 ppm (6 h/d, 7 d/week).

Evaluation of potential human health effects associated with the agricultural uses of 1,3-D: Spatial and temporal stochastic risk analysis.

Dow AgroSciences (DAS) markets and sells 1,3-Dichloropropene (1,3-D), the active ingredient in Telone®, which is used as a pre-plant soil fumigant nematicide in economically important crops in California. 1,3-D has been regulated as a "probable human carcinogen" and the California Department of Pesticide Regulation limits use of 1,3-D based on human health risk assessments for bystanders. This paper presents a risk characterization for bystanders based on advances in the assessment of both exposure and hazard.

Variants in Adjacent Oxytocin/Vasopressin Gene Region and Associations with ASD Diagnosis and Other Autism Related Endophenotypes.

Background: There has been increasing interest in oxytocin (peptide: OT, gene: OXT) as a treatment pathway for neurodevelopmental disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Neurodevelopmental disorders affect functional, social, and intellectual abilities. With advances in molecular biology, research has connected multiple gene regions to the clinical presentation of ASD.

The relationship between chemical-induced kidney weight increases and kidney histopathology in rats.

The kidney is a major site of chemical excretion, which results in its propensity to exhibit chemically-induced toxicological effects at a higher rate than most other organs. Although the kidneys are often weighed in animal toxicity studies, the manner in which these kidney weight measurements are interpreted and the value of this information in predicting renal damage remains controversial. In this study we sought to determine whether a relationship exists between chemically-induced kidney weight changes and renal histopathological alterations.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: an entity of CT and MR imaging to differentiate from malignant tumors of the sinonasal cavity.

Objective: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is chronic inflammatory lesions of unknown origins. The preoperative diagnosis for tumors in the sinonasal cavity is difficult to distinguish between IMT and aggressive malignancy in most cases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the imaging features of IMT distinguishing the 2 types of tumors.

Examining autism spectrum disorders by biomarkers: example from the oxytocin and serotonin systems.

Objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heritable but highly heterogeneous neuropsychiatric syndrome, which poses challenges for research relying solely on behavioral symptoms or diagnosis. Examining biomarkers may give us ways to identify individuals who demonstrate specific developmental trajectories and etiological factors related to ASD. Plasma oxytocin (OT) and whole-blood serotonin (5-HT) levels are consistently altered in some individuals with ASD.

Misfolding of Mutated Vasopressin Causes ER-Retention and Activation of ER-Stress Markers in Neuro-2a Cells.

Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) is a peptide hormone normally secreted from neuroendocrine cells via the regulated secretory pathway. In Familial Neurohypophyseal Diabetes Insipidus (FNDI), an autosomal dominant form of central diabetes insipidus, mutations of pro-vasopressin appear to accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causing a lack of biologically active AVP in the blood. To investigate the effect of pro-vasopressin mutations regarding intracellular functions of protein targeting and secretion, we created two FNDI-associated amino acid substitution mutants, e.

[Transduction of dendritic cells by recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) carrying hepatitis B virus antigens].

Objective: To test the efficiency of infection of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) carrying hepatitis B virus S, C or X antigen, rAAV-HBV-S, C, X to human dendritic cells.

Methods: Recombinant AAV plasmids containing HBV-S, C or X gene were constructed and packaged into rAAV in 293 cells. Monocytes were isolated from healthy donor and pulsed by rAAV-HBV-S, X, C or 293 lysate as control at the first day of isolation, then the dentritic cells were cultured for 7 days in vitro.

[Classification and choice of surgical procedures for chronic pancreatitis].

Objective: To explore the classification, choice of surgical procedures and the clinical outcome of surgical management for chronic pancreatitis.

Methods: 54 patients with chronic pancreatitis undergoing operation in our hospital from 1983 to 2004 were analyzed retrospectively, who were divided into chronic calcifying pancreatitis and chronic obstructive pancreatitis according to the clinical manifestations.

Results: There were 41 men (76%) and 13 women (24%) with a mean age of 54 years.

[Binding and inhibition of adeno-associated virus Rep78 protein with hepatitis B virus C promoter].

Objectives: Adeno-associated virus (AAV) Rep78 is known for its inhibitory effects on replication of several viruses and oncogenes transformations. The study was to investigate the effect of Rep78 on hepatitis B virus C (HBV-C) gene and the mechanism of it.

Methods: HBV-C promoter and HBV-C gene with its promoter were amplified by PCR and labeled with 32P-ATP.

[Recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying hepatitis B virus C gene (rAAV-HBV-C) effectively pulses dendritic cells (DC) without affecting their maturity].

Objective: Recombinant virus pulsated dendritic cells (DCs) may affect their survival, growth and maturity. This study is to test the infection efficiency of recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying hepatitis B core antigen (rAAV-HBV-c) to DCs and the growth and maturity of them.

Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from healthy blood donors.

[Sodium butyrate induces rat hepatic oval cells differentiating into mature hepatocytes in vitro].

Objective: To elucidate the effects of sodium butyrate on rat hepatic oval cell differentiation in vitro.

Methods: Hepatic oval cells were isolated from rats fed with a choline-deficient diet supplemented with 0.1% (w/w) ethonine for 4 to 6 weeks.