Navigating Adult-Onset IgA Vasculitis-Associated Nephritis.

Purpose Of Review: IgA vasculitis (IgAV), formerly Henoch-Schonlein purpura, is the most common systemic vasculitis in childhood. In adults, however, this condition is poorly understood, yet associated with more severe disease and poorer outcomes. This necessitates the need for early diagnosis and management.

Disparities in ethnicity and metabolic disease burden in referrals to nephrology.

Introduction: The profile of patients referred from primary to tertiary nephrology care is unclear. Ethnic Malay patients have the highest incidence and prevalence of kidney failure in Singapore. We hypothesised that there is a Malay predominance among patients referred to nephrology due to a higher burden of metabolic disease in this ethnic group.

Lack of latent tuberculosis (TB) screening and delay in anti-retroviral therapy initiation in HIV-TB co-infection: an 11-year study in an intermediate TB-burden country.

Objectives: To examine the prevalence and characteristics of HIV-tuberculosis (TB) co-infected patients in Singapore, an intermediate TB-burden country.

Methods: Retrospective data across 11 years was obtained from the National University Hospital (NUH), a quaternary hospital and the National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID), the national HIV center.

Results: From December 2005 to December 2016, 4015 HIV-infected patients were managed at NUH and NCID, of whom, respectively, 48 and 272 were diagnosed with active TB disease.

Comparison between lung ultrasonography and current methods for volume assessment in Asian chronic hemodialysis patients.

Introduction: Volume assessment in end-stage kidney disease patients on hemodialysis (HD) remains inadequate by existing methods: clinical examination, bioimpedance spectroscopy, measurement of inferior vena cava diameter by ultrasound (IVCD), and plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP). This study aims to compare the performance of lung ultrasound against existing methods for volume assessment in a HD cohort.

Methods: Two nephrologists independently performed 28-point lung ultrasound immediately before and after midweek HD in 50 patients.

What Raises Troponins in the Paediatric Population?

Troponin I is a cardiac enzyme that is released during myocardial injury. However, cardiac enzymes are non-specific and can occur in many cardiac and non-cardiac pathologies. We aim to (1) describe the range of acute conditions that were associated with raised troponins in the paediatric population in our institution and (2) quantify the extent of troponin elevation and correlate it with the underlying aetiology.

Interaction between warfarin and Chinese herbal medicines.

In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the human body is divided into Yin and Yang. Diseases occur when the Yin and Yang balance is disrupted. Different herbs are used to restore this balance, achieving the goal of treatment.