Functional organic cation transporters mediate osteogenic response to metformin in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells.

Background: Compelling evidence indicates that metformin, a low-cost and safe orally administered biguanide prescribed to millions of type 2 diabetics worldwide, induces the osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) through the 5' adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. As a highly hydrophilic cationic compound, metformin uptake is facilitated by cell membrane organic cation transporters (OCTs) of the solute carrier 22A gene family. We hypothesized that to effectively enhance osteogenic differentiation, and ultimately bone regeneration, metformin must gain access into functional OCT-expressing MSCs.

Developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) antagonizes Interleukin-17-mediated allergic asthma.

Interleukin (IL)-17 is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) is an endothelial cell-secreted protein known to inhibit IL-17 expression. However, little is known about the association between Del-1 and IL-17 in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma.

Quercetin reverses the doxorubicin resistance of prostate cancer cells by downregulating the expression of c-met.

Chemotherapy is an irreplaceable treatment for prostate cancer. However, the acquisition of chemoresistance is a common and critical problem that requires urgent solutions for the effective treatment of this disease. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the combination of quercetin with doxorubicin reversed the resistance of prostate cancer cells to doxorubicin-based therapy.

A novel sesquiterpene derivative with a seven-membered B ring from Illigera aromatica.

A novel sesquiterpene derivative with a seven-membered B ring, illigerine (1), along with four known compounds, 1-epi-chiliophyllin (2), 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl alcohol (3), coniferyl alcohol (4) and phenylpropionic acid (5), were isolated from Illigera aromatica S. Z. Huang et S.

Alpha gene upregulates TFEB expression in renal cell carcinoma with t(6;11) translocation, which promotes cell canceration.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with t(6;11) translocation has been characterized by the fusion of the Alpha gene with the TFEB gene. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain greatly uncharacterized and effective targeted therapy has yet to be identified. In this study, we examined the role of the Alpha gene in this tumor entity and the function of the fusion gene Alpha-TFEB product in vitro and in vivo.

Indinavir Alters the Pharmacokinetics of Lamivudine Partially via Inhibition of Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion Protein 1 (MATE1).

Purpose: Lamivudine, a characterized substrate for human multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (hMATE1) in vitro, was commonly used with indinavir as a therapy against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We aimed to investigate whether mouse MATE1 is involved in the disposition of lamivudine in vivo, and whether there is any transporter-mediated interaction between indinavir and lamivudine.

Methods: The role of MATE1 in the disposition of lamivudine was determined using Mate1 wild type (+/+) and knockout (-/-) mice.

MiR-204 enhances mitochondrial apoptosis in doxorubicin-treated prostate cancer cells by targeting SIRT1/p53 pathway.

Chemotherapy is important for adjuvant treatment of prostate cancer. However, some cancer cells exhibited low sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. We are supposed to sensitize these prostate cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin.

Ketamine induces hippocampal apoptosis through a mechanism associated with the caspase-1 dependent pyroptosis.

Ketamine, a pediatric anesthetic, is widely used in clinical practice. There was growing evidence showing that ketamine can promote neuronal death in developing brains of both humans and animals. In this study, we used in vivo neonatal and juvenile mouse models to induce ketamine-related neurotoxicity in the hippocampus.

Correlation of DAPK1 methylation and the risk of gastrointestinal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: One of the critical mechanisms of gastrointestinal cancer pathogenesis is the silencing of death associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), which could be caused by aberrant methylation of the promoter. However, the relationship between DAPK1 methylation and the risk of gastrointestinal cancer is still controversial. Hence, we conducted this study to determine the potential correlation.

The preparation of a poly (pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether-co-poly ethylene imine) organic monolithic capillary column and its application in hydrophilic interaction chromatography for polar molecules.

An easy single-step thermal treatment "one-pot" approach for the preparation of poly (pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether-co-poly ethylene imine) organic monolithic capillary columns was developed successfully. The column was prepared by the epoxy-amine ring-opening polymerization of pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether (PTE) with poly (ethylene imine) (PEI) using acetonitrile (ACN) and polyethylene glycol 600 (PEG 600) as the porogenic system at 60 °C for 12 h. The obtained monolith was homogeneous and permeable.

Do low-serum vitamin E levels increase the risk of Alzheimer disease in older people? Evidence from a meta-analysis of case-control studies.

Objective: Whether low-serum vitamin E increases the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) in older people remains inconclusive. This meta-analysis aims to synthesize evidence-based case-control studies to evaluate the association between serum vitamin E and the risk of AD.

Methods: Potentially relevant studies were selected through PubMed, Embase, Wanfang, Chongqing VIP, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases by using the core terms Vitamin E/alpha-tocopherol and Alzheime's disease/senile dementia/AD in the titles, abstracts, and keywords of the articles.

Novel vaterite-containing tricalcium silicate bone cement by surface functionalization using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane: setting behavior, in vitro bioactivity and cytocompatibility.

A novel vaterite-containing tricalcium silicate (V-CS) was grafted by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), and the amino groups have been successfully fixed on the vaterite-containing tricalcium silicate powder's surface (after grafting the amino group, V-CS was named A-V-CS). The setting behavior, mechanical properties, porosity, weight loss and anti-washout properties of the tricalcium silicate (CS), V-CS and A-V-CS bone cement were systematically investigated. The in vitro induction of hydroxyapatite (HAp) formation of CS, V-CS and A-V-CS bone cement was confirmed by x-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

Incorporation of a Biguanide Scaffold Enhances Drug Uptake by Organic Cation Transporters 1 and 2.

Membrane transporters play a significant role in the transport of many endogenous and exogenous compounds. The knowledge of transporter substrate requirements has allowed further development of drugs that utilize them to ensure tissue permeation. In this study, we demonstrate that inclusion of a biguanide functionality can potentiate uptake by the organic cation transporters 1 and 2 (OCT1 and OCT2).

Link between risk of colorectal cancer and serum vitamin E levels: A meta-analysis of case-control studies.

Background: The effect of low serum vitamin E levels on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains inconclusive. This meta-analysis aims to synthesize relevant studies to evaluate the association between serum vitamin E and the risk of CRC based on case-control studies.

Methods: Potentially relevant studies were selected by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.

A novel bioactive vaterite-containing tricalcium silicate bone cement by self hydration synthesis and its biological properties.

A novel bioactive vaterite-containing tricalcium silicate bone cement (V5) was successfully synthesized through self hydration and carbonization, by introducing CO into the hydration process of CaSiO (CS). The purpose of this work is to reduce the adverse effect of the hydration products Ca(OH) on the CS bone cement, and improve further the bioactivity of the CS bone cement. XRD and FT-IR analysis indicated that vaterite was successfully formed in tricalcium silicate bone cement.

The synthesis of Gemini-type sulfobetaine based hybrid monolith and its application in hydrophilic interaction chromatography for small polar molecular.

In this work, a novel Gemini-type sulfobetaine-based hybrid monolith was fabricated by co-polymerization of a homemade Gemini-type sufobetaine, 1,3-bis (N-(3-sulfopropyl)-N-(methacrylic acid-2-hydroxy propyl ester)-N-methyl ammonium)-propane (BSMMP) with vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) and tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) in the presence of 2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (V50) as initiator. The recipe of pre-copolymerization solution for monolith preparation was optimized carefully, and the resulting monolith was characterized by scan electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA). The results indicated that the optimized monolith possess homogeneous bio-continue pore structure, and a relatively high proportion of the sulfobetaine groups was successfully introduced into the monolith.

Probiotics for prevention of radiation-induced diarrhea: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Radiotherapy is commonly used for abdominal or pelvic cancer, and patients receiving radiotherapy have a high risk developing to an acute radiation-induced diarrhea. Several previous studies have discussed the effect of probiotics on prevention of radiation-induced diarrhea, but the results are still inconsistent.

Objective: We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy of probiotic supplementation for prevention the radiation-induced diarrhea.

Metformin induces osteoblastic differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Metformin, a first-line antidiabetic drug used by millions of patients, has been shown to have potential osteogenic properties. The present study was performed to test the hypothesis that clinically relevant doses of metformin promote the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs). iPSC-MSCs were treated with metformin (10 μm) to assess cell viability, osteogenic differentiation, mineralization and activation of the LKB1/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway, a surrogate marker of metformin action.

Clinical effect of montelukast sodium combined with inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of OSAS children.

This study was designed to investigate the clinical effect of montelukast sodium combined with inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).One hundred ninety-five children were enrolled and divided into 3 groups: groups A, B, and C; the group A (oral use of montelukast sodium), group B (nasal spray of mometasone furoate), and group C (oral use of montelukast sodium + nasal spray of mometasone furoate). Telephone questionnaire surveys were carried out.

Solvent-Assisted Metal Metathesis: A Highly Efficient and Versatile Route towards Synthetically Demanding Chromium Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Chromium(III)-based metal-organic frameworks (Cr-MOFs) are very attractive in a wide range of investigations because of their robustness and high porosity. However, reports on Cr-MOFs are scarce owing to the difficulties in their direct synthesis. Recently developed postsynthetic routes to obtain Cr-MOFs suffered from complicated procedures and a lack of general applicability.

Assessment of choroidal osteoma complicating choroidal neovascularization by optical coherence tomography angiography.

Purpose: Choroidal osteoma (CO) frequently leads to progressive visual loss due to complications of secondary choroidal neovascularization (CNV).We report herein the function of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in observation of CO complicating CNV.

Methods: A 25-year-old female presented to our hospital with chief complaint of sudden unilateral visual acuity decrease for one week, with metamorphopsia in the left eye.

Amino-functionalized mesoporous bioactive glass for drug delivery.

An amino-functionalized mesoporous bioactive glass (N-MBG) with a high drug loading capacity and longer drug release time was successfully prepared by using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) in a short-time chemical reaction. The drug release performance of an MBG and the N-MBG were studied by loading gentamicin sulfate (GS) in a simulated body fluid solution. The results showed that the surface area of the N-MBG increases to 355.

Single and competitive adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared with Salix matsudana Kiodz.

In this study, Salix matsudana activated carbon (SAC) was prepared by phosphoric acid activation, and the adsorption characteristics of Cd(II) and Pb(II) on SAC in single- and double-component solutions were investigated. In both systems, the adsorption capacities of both ions on SAC increased with the increasing initial pH value and temperature in the solutions, and the adsorption equilibrium was approached at 10 min. The adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic, and depicted well by the pseudo-second-order adsorption model, and the equilibrium adsorption fitted reasonably well with the Langmuir isotherm.

Metabolic Response to Olanzapine in Healthy Chinese Subjects with rs7093146 Polymorphism in Transcription Factor 7-like 2 Gene (TCF7L2): A Prospective Study.

Olanzapine is a widely used atypical antipsychotic with significant weight gain and other metabolic side effects. The locus of the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The goal of this study was to determine whether polymorphic TCF7L2 is involved in the susceptibility to the metabolic changes associated with the atypical antipsychotic agents (AAPs).

Multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins mediate cellular transport of cadmium.

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmentally prevalent toxicant posing increasing risk to human health worldwide. As compared to the extensive research in Cd tissue accumulation, little was known about the elimination of Cd, particularly its toxic form, Cd ion (Cd). In this study, we aimed to examine whether Cd is a substrate of multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs) that are important in renal xenobiotic elimination.