Evolution of aerosol chemistry in Xi'an during the spring dust storm periods: Implications for heterogeneous formation of secondary organic aerosols on the dust surface.

TSP and 9-stage size-segregated samples were simultaneously collected in Xi'an during the spring of 2013 and analyzed for organic aerosols (OA) on a molecular level. n-Alkanes were the dominant compound class during the whole campaign, followed by fatty acids. High molecular weight (HMW) n-alkanes and fatty acids dominated in the coarse mode particles (>1.

[Characteristics of water-soluble organic nitrogen of PM2.5 in Xi'an during wintertime non-haze and haze periods].

High-volume PM2.5 samples were collected hourly from 4 December to 13 December 2012 at an urban site in Xi'an and analyzed for organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water-soluble total nitrogen (WSTN), water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) and inorganic ions to investigate the sources and formation mechanism of WSON. The results showed that during the sampling period the averaged hourly concentration of WSON was (12 +/- 9.

[Immunogenicities and comparison of DNA vaccines encoding pol genes derived from B`/C and A/E recombinant HIV-1 strains].

Objective: To construct and compare the immunogenicities of DNA vaccines expressing pol genes derived from B`/C and A/E recombinant subtypes of HIV-1 in China.

Methods: Two DNA vaccines were constructed by inserting the codon optimized pol genes derived from B'/C and A/E subtypes of HIV-1 into mammalian expression vector pSV1.0.

Apoptosis induced by genipin in human leukemia K562 cells: involvement of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in G₂/M arrest.

Aim: To investigate the effect of genipin on apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells in vitro and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: The effect of genipin on K562 cell viability was measured using trypan blue dye exclusion and cell counting. Morphological changes were detected using phase-contrast microscopy.