Fabrication and characterization of porous poly(L-lactide) scaffolds using solid-liquid phase separation.

Freeze-extraction, which involves phase separation principle, gave highly porous scaffolds without the time and energy consuming freeze-drying process. The presented method eliminates the problem of formation of surface skin observed in freeze-drying methods. The effects of different freezing temperature (-80 and -24 degrees C), medium (dry ice/ethanol bath and freezer) and polymer concentrations (1, 3, and 5 wt.