A preliminary exploration of liver microsomes and PBPK to uncover the impact of CYP3A4/5 and CYP2C19 on tacrolimus and voriconazole drug-drug interactions.

Solid transplant recipients are at increased risk for invasive aspergillosis. Tacrolimus and Voriconazole is one of the most frequently utilized treatments for those recipients with invasive fungal infections. However, it is difficult to use them properly due to the interaction between them.

Population dynamics analysis of the interaction between tacrolimus and voriconazole in renal transplant recipients.

Background: The concurrent administration of tacrolimus and voriconazole in kidney transplant recipients can lead to drug interactions, potentially resulting in severe adverse reactions. This study aimed to establish a robust population pharmacokinetic model to explore the interaction between tacrolimus and voriconazole in greater depth.

Methods: Tacrolimus blood samples and laboratory data were prospectively collected from eligible patients enrolled between April 2023 and April 2024, following predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Long non-coding RNA AK023617 orchestrates atherosclerosis by regulating the circadian rhythm of immunity-related GTPase family M protein in macrophages.

Acute coronary events show a diurnal rhythm, and atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability, as a histomorphological characteristic of major adverse cardiovascular events, is a key target for intervention. Although oscillating microRNAs reduce plaque stability by facilitating macrophage apoptosis in lesions, whether rhythmic long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) can regulate diurnal oscillations in plaque stability and the potential underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we examined whether rhythmic lncRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis and detected a novel circadian lncRNA-AK023617, which is positively correlated with the peak occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events.

Quality Consistency Evaluation of Chemical Composition and Pharmacology of Pheretima aspergillum Dispensing Granules and Traditional Decoction Based on HPLC, GC-IMS, and Animal Experiments.

This study investigates the consistency of quality between the traditional decoction (TD) of Pheretima aspergillum and its dispensing granule decoction (DGD) by examining their chemical composition and antithrombotic efficacy. We first determined the nucleoside components, protein content, and volatile compounds in 10 batches of TD and 9 batches of DGD sourced from three manufacturers using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV-vis spectrophotometry, and gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). Next, we assessed antithrombotic efficacy by measuring the relative length of tail thrombosis and calculating the thrombus inhibition rates at 24 and 48 h.

Light-based improvement technology for postharvest fruits and vegetables flavor and regulation mechanism: a review.

Fruits and vegetables (FVs) are consumed by humans for the distinctive flavors. Postharvest flavor declines limit its edible and commercial value. Light, as a novel non-thermal technology, is becoming a key strategy for enhancing FVs flavor.

Impact of corticosteroids on the efficacy of CD19/22 CAR-T cell therapy in pediatric patients with B-ALL: a single-center study.

Introduction: Corticosteroids are used for toxicity management, raising concerns about whether they may affect the anti-leukemic effects of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells.

Methods And Results: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed patients (fined two subgroups based on disease burden. Of the 75 cases in the low disease burden (LDB) group (MRD < 5%, no extramedullary disease), there was no significant difference between the use of steroids and event-free survival (EFS) ( = 0.

Decipher syntrophies and adaptive response towards enhancing conversion of propionate to methane under psychrophilic condition.

Propionate is a key intermediate in anaerobic digestion (AD) under low operational temperatures, which can destabilize the process. In this study, the supplementation of syntrophic cold-tolerant consortia and trace elements significantly improved the performance of psychrophilic (20 °C) reactor, increasing methane production to 91 % of mesophilic reactor levels and reducing propionate concentrations to less than 2 % of those in untreated psychrophilic reactors. Multi-omics analyses revealed that psychrophilic conditions downregulated the methylmalonyl-CoA and aceticlastic methanogenesis pathways.

Deaggregation of micronized insoluble drugs by incorporating mannitol form α.

Micronization is frequently employed to increase the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs, but it easily led to powder aggregation and difficult to mix well on the micro level with poor content uniformity and erratic dissolution behavior. Mannitol is the most commonly used pharmaceutical excipient, and its β form (β-mannitol) is commercially available and extensively investigated, whereas form α (α-mannitol) remain poorly understood. Here, this study demonstrated that α-mannitol could significantly eliminate aggregation phenomena of micronized drugs (i.

MRI guided copper deprivator activated immune responses and suppressed angiogenesis for enhanced antitumor immunotherapy.

Copper plays an important role in the regulation of PD-L1, suggesting that reducing copper levels within tumors may enhance anti-cancer immunotherapy. Tumor microenvironment responsive copper nanodeprivator (TMECN) was developed for enhancing immunotherapy of tumor via the cross-link of mercaptopolyglycol bipyridine and dimercaptosuccinic acid modifying FePt nanoalloy using the disulfide bond. Upon entering tumor cells, the disulfide bond in TMECN is cleaved by the overexpressed glutathione, exposing abundance of sulfhydryl groups.

Long-wavelength infrared metamaterial absorber with polarization and angle insensitivity using compact hybrid cylindrical structures.

Broadband metamaterial absorbers in the long wavelength infrared region are promising in applications including thermal imaging, cloaking, radiative cooling and IR signature suppression. Although high absorption over the long wavelength infrared region has been extensively achieved, the challenge is to shrink both the thickness and lateral footprint of unit absorbing structures. Here, a compact broadband long wavelength infrared metamaterial absorber consisting of multilayered Ge/Ti/Ge/SiO hybrid cylindrical structures, whose period and thickness are only ∼1.

Highly birefringent anti-resonant hollow-core fiber with meniscoid nested structure.

We propose a meniscoid nested anti-resonant hollow-core fiber (MAF), wherein the fourfold rotational symmetry structure enables high birefringence and low loss in dual-wavelength range. Numerical investigation and simulation for variations in wall thickness along orthogonal directions are conducted, through which a formulated optimization criterion revealing the relationship between minimum difference in wall thickness and birefringence of 10 is obtained. A parameter of beat length to loss ratio η is defined to evaluate MAF performance with respect to birefringence and confinement loss (CL).

4D-label free based comparative proteomics revealed the responsive mechanisms of quality deterioration driven by spore release in shiitake mushrooms.

Label-free quantitative proteomics profiles combined with biochemical analysis were applied in three spore release stages to investigate the proteome responses related to spore release inducing the quality loss of mushrooms. During the spore release, the mushrooms softened, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and total free amino acids accumulated, especially bitter amino acids. Among the 2720 identified proteins, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and other glycan degradation pathways were primarily implicated.

Environmental factors influencing the development and spread of resistance in erythromycin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae.

Bacterial drug resistance is becoming increasingly serious, this study aims to investigate the relationship between the resistance rate of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) and reasons for the epidemic under complex geographical and climatic factors in China. Data spanning from 2014 to 2021, including drug resistance rates, isolate rates, meteorological variables, and demographic statistics, were collected from the China Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, the China Statistical Yearbook and China Meteorological Website. Our analysis involved nonparametric tests and the construction of multifaceted regression models for rigorous multivariate analysis.

Triptolide induces hepatotoxicity by promoting ferroptosis through Nrf2 degradation.

Background: Triptolide (TP), a principal active substance from Tripterygium wilfordii, exhibits various pharmacological effects. However, its potential hepatotoxicity has always been a significant concern in clinical applications.

Purpose: This research aimed to explore the involvement of ferroptosis in TP-mediated hepatic injury and the underlying mechanisms.

Evaluation of problem-based learning for pharmacology based on a comprehensive analysis in undergraduate students.

Background: Problem-based learning (PBL) has been widely employed in pharmacology teaching. However, the benefits of PBL for undergraduate students have not been clearly demonstrated. We performed a meta-analysis to compare the effects of PBL and lecture-based learning (LBL) in undergraduate pharmacology education.

Gut Bacteroides ovatus ameliorates renal fibrosis by promoting the production of HDCA through upregulation of Clostridium scindens.

Renal fibrosis, inflammation, and gut dysbiosis are all linked to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here we show that Bacteroides ovatus protects against renal fibrosis. Mechanistically, B.

Effects of Rotary and Deep Tillage on Soil Environment and Melon Root Development.

Tillage practices significantly influence crop yield and soil quality. This study investigated the impact of rotary tillage (RT) and deep tillage (DT) on soil properties, microbial diversity, and melon ( L.) root growth and yield.

Near infrared aggregation-induced emission fluorescent materials for lipid droplets testing and photodynamic therapy.

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties are of great significance in cell imaging and cancer therapy. However, the complexity of its synthesis, poor photostabilities, and expensive raw materials still pose some obstacles to their practical application. This study reported an AIE luminescent material with red emission and its application in in vitro imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) study.

VEGF-B prevents chronic hyperglycemia-induced retinal vascular leakage by regulating the CDC42-ZO1/VE-cadherin pathway.

Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) is the early stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and is a chronic oxidative stress-related ocular disease. Few treatments are approved for early DR. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the retinal micro-vasculopathy induced by diabetes and to explore an early potential for treating early DR in a mouse model.

Novel Optical Modulator Photonic Device Based on TiN/TiC Heterojunction.

Due to the ability of optical modulators to achieve rapid modulation of optical signals, meeting the demands of high-speed data transmission, modulators based on different novel nanomaterials have become one of the research hotspots over the past dacade. Recently, TiN/TiC heterojunction exhibits highly efficient thermo-optic performance and extremely strong stability. Therefore, we have demonstrated an all-optical modulator based on the principle of Michelson interference and the thermo-optic effect in this paper.