Diversity of Species Associated with Trunk Diseases of (Peach) in Northern China.

Peach () is widely cultivated in China, but fungal diseases, particularly Cytospora canker, significantly impact tree health, reducing fruit yield and economic value. This disease mainly weakens tree branches and trunks, sometimes leading to tree death. There are no updated studies on the diversity of species associated with peach Cytospora canker in northern China.

Diversity and Virulence of Species Associated with Peach Trunk Diseases in China.

Peach ( L.) is one of the most important and oldest stone fruits grown in China. Though species have more commonly been reported as plant pathogens, endophytes and saprophytes with a wide range of plant hosts, little is known about the species associated with peach trunk diseases in China.

Three New Species and Five New Host Records from with Anti-Phytopathogenic Potential from Cover Crops and .

Cover crops, typically planted during off-seasons and requiring less agronomic manipulation, may provide abundant fungal resources. Certain species of could serve as potential agents for controlling plant diseases and developing bioorganic fertilizers. Eight species from five genera of were identified from healthy and , two major cover crops, through multigene phylogenetic analysis, morphological identification, and pairwise homoplasy index testing.

An integrated rapid detection of Botryosphaeriaceae species in grapevine based on recombinase polymerase amplification, CRISPR/Cas12a, and lateral flow dipstick.

Grapevine Botryosphaeria dieback (GBD), caused by Botryosphaeriaceae species, is an important grapevine trunk disease that poses a threat to grape yield and quality in global viticultural regions. Pathogen diagnosis at the species level using morphological methods is difficult and time-consuming. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a rapid and accurate detection method for the pathogens causing GBD.

Microfungi Associated with Peach Branch Diseases in China.

Peach ( L.) is one of the most important and oldest stone fruits grown in China. Even though is one of the most commonly grown stone fruits in China, little is known about the biodiversity of microfungi associated with peach branch diseases.

Dual RNA-Seq Reveals Temperature-Mediated Gene Reprogramming and Molecular Crosstalk between Grapevine and .

High temperatures associated with a fluctuating climate profoundly accelerate the occurrence of a myriad of plant diseases around the world. A comprehensive insight into how plants respond to pathogenic microorganisms under high-temperature stress is required for plant disease management, whereas the underlying mechanisms behind temperature-mediated plant immunity and pathogen pathogenicity are still unclear. Here, we evaluated the effect of high temperature on the development of grapevine canker disease and quantified the contribution of temperature variation to the gene transcription reprogramming of grapevine and its pathogenic agent using a dual RNA-seq approach.

Coronatine-Induced Maize Defense against Stalk Rot by Activating Antioxidants and Phytohormone Signaling.

One of the most destructive diseases, stalk rot (GSR), caused by , reduces maize yields significantly. An induced resistance response is a potent and cost-effective plant defense against pathogen attack. The functional counterpart of JAs, coronatine (COR), has attracted a lot of interest recently due to its ability to control plant growth and stimulate secondary metabolism.

Advances in understanding grapevine downy mildew: From pathogen infection to disease management.

Plasmopara viticola is geographically widespread in grapevine-growing regions. Grapevine downy mildew disease, caused by this biotrophic pathogen, leads to considerable yield losses in viticulture annually. Because of the great significance of grapevine production and wine quality, research on this disease has been widely performed since its emergence in the 19th century.

Molecular Identification and Pathogenicity of and (Diaporthales, Ascomycota) Associated with Cherry Trunk Diseases in China.

This study aimed to identify fungal species associated with trunk diseases of sweet cherries () in several commercial cherry orchards in Beijing, Guizhou and Shandong provinces, China. In total, eighteen fungal strains that fitted well into the species concept of were isolated. Based on both morphological and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), beta-tubulin (), calmodulin () and translation elongation factor 1-α () sequencing data, fourteen isolates were identified as , while four isolates were classified as .

First Report of Cylindrocladiella peruviana Associated with Grapevine Black Foot Disease in China.

Black foot disease is one of the Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs) that occurs in many grape growing regions and causes vine decline. Black foot disease has been reported in China in 2021 (Ye et al. 2021).

Modeling the dynamic changes in Plasmopara viticola sporangia concentration based on LSTM and understanding the impact of relative factor variability.

Reliable disease management can guarantee healthy plant production and relies on the knowledge of pathogen prevalence. Modeling the dynamic changes in spore concentration is available for realizing this purpose. We present a novel model based on a time-series modeling machine learning method, i.

Belowground microbiota analysis indicates that Fusarium spp. exacerbate grapevine trunk disease.

Background: Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are disease complexes that are major threats to viticulture in most grapevine growing regions. The microbiomes colonizing plant belowground components form complex associations with plants, play important roles in promoting plant productivity and health in natural environments, and may be related to GTD development. To investigate associations between belowground fungal communities and GTD symptomatic or asymptomatic grapevines, fungal communities associated with three soil-plant compartments (bulk soils, rhizospheres, and roots) were characterized by ITS high-throughput amplicon sequencing across two years.

LtGAPR1 Is a Novel Secreted Effector from That Interacts with NbPsQ2 to Negatively Regulate Infection.

The effector proteins secreted by a pathogen not only promote the virulence and infection of the pathogen but also trigger plant defense response. secretes many effectors that modulate and hijack grape processes to colonize host cells, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we report LtGAPR1, which has been proven to be a secreted protein.

The woody plant-degrading pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae effector LtCre1 targets the grapevine sugar-signaling protein VvRHIP1 to suppress host immunity.

Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a causal agent of Botryosphaeria dieback, which seriously threatens grapevine production worldwide. Plant pathogens secrete diverse effectors to suppress host immune responses and promote the progression of infection, but the mechanisms underlying the manipulation of host immunity by L. theobromae effectors are poorly understood.

Magnaporthe oryzae endoplasmic reticulum membrane complex regulates the biogenesis of membrane proteins for pathogenicity.

In eukaryotes, the majority of newly synthesized integral membrane proteins are inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane before transferred to their functional sites. The conserved ER membrane complex (EMC) takes part in the insertion process for tail-anchored membrane proteins. However, the function of EMC in phytopathogenic fungi has not been characterized.

Transcriptomic Analysis of Resistant and Wild-Type Isolates Revealed Fludioxonil-Resistance Mechanisms.

, the causal agent of gray mold, is one of the most destructive pathogens of cherry tomatoes, causing fruit decay and economic loss. Fludioxonil is an effective fungicide widely used for crop protection and is effective against tomato gray mold. The emergence of fungicide-resistant strains has made the control of more difficult.

First Report of Bacterial Wilt Caused by Enterobacter mori of Strawberry in Beijing, China.

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is an economically important crop in China, and a crucial part of urban agriculture in Beijing. In November 2020, wilt symptoms were observed in strawberry seedlings in several greenhouses in the Pinggu District of Beijing city (40.14° N; 117.

Species Associated with Cherry Leaf Spot in China.

Sweet cherry is an important fruit crop in China with a high economic value. From 2019 to 2020, a leaf spot disease was reported, with purplish-brown circular lesions in three cultivating regions in China. Twenty-four isolates were obtained from diseased samples and were identified based on morphological characteristics and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses.

First Report of Fusarium commune Associated with a Root Rot of Grapevine in China.

During last decade, species belonging to Fusarium, Rosellinia, Armillaria and Dactylonectria were confirmed as phytopathogens causing grapevine root diseases (Highet and Nair 1995; Teixeira et al. 1995; Calamit et al. 2021; Ye et al.

An NmrA-Like Protein, Lws1, Is Important for Pathogenesis in the Woody Plant Pathogen .

The NmrA-like proteins have been reported to be important nitrogen metabolism regulators and virulence factors in herbaceous plant pathogens. However, their role in the woody plant pathogen is less clear. In the current study, we identified a putative NmrA-like protein, Lws1, in and investigated its pathogenic role via gene silencing and overexpression experiments.

Lasiodiplodia theobromae protein LtScp1 contributes to fungal virulence and protects fungal mycelia against hydrolysis by grapevine chitinase.

The LysM proteins have been reported to be important for the virulence and host immunity suppression in herbaceous plant pathogens, whereas far less information is documented in the woody plant pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae. To investigate the functional mechanism of LysM protein in L. theobromae, one gene LtScp1 was cloned and characterized detailedly in the current study.

Identification and Characterization of Species Associated with Cherry Leaf Spot Disease in China.

Leaf spot is a common and serious disease of sweet cherry worldwide and has become a major concern in China. From 2018 to 2020, disease investigations were carried out in Beijing City, Sichuan, Shandong, and Liaoning Provinces in China, and 105 isolates were obtained from diseased samples. Isolates were identified by morphological characterization coupled with multigene phylogenetic analyses based on six loci (internal transcribed spacer region, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, calmodulin, actin, chitin synthase, and β-tubulin).

A Putative Effector LtCSEP1 from Inhibits BAX-Triggered Cell Death and Suppresses Immunity Responses in .

is a causal agent of grapevine trunk disease, and it poses a significant threat to the grape industry worldwide. Fungal effectors play an essential role in the interaction between plants and pathogens. However, few studies have been conducted to understand the functions of individual effectors in .

Systemic Identification and Functional Characterization of Common in Fungal Extracellular Membrane Proteins in .

Plant pathogenic fungi deploy secreted proteins into apoplastic space or intracellular lumen to promote successful infections during plant-pathogen interactions. In the present study, fourteen CFEM domain-containing proteins were systemically identified in and eight of them were functionally characterized. All eight proteins were confirmed to be secreted into extracellular space by a yeast signal peptide trapping system.

Fungal diversity notes 1512-1610: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa.

This article is the 14th in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein we report 98 taxa distributed in two phyla, seven classes, 26 orders and 50 families which are described and illustrated. Taxa in this study were collected from Australia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Chile, China, Cyprus, Egypt, France, French Guiana, India, Indonesia, Italy, Laos, Mexico, Russia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. There are 59 new taxa, 39 new hosts and new geographical distributions with one new combination.