Terahertz Spin-to-Charge Conversion in Strontium Iridate-Based Magnetic Heterostructures.

Oxide interfaces have enormous potential for future electronics with many applications, such as large spin Hall conductance, phase transitions, topological states, and superconductivity. However, previous investigations have predominantly focused on gigahertz frequencies; whilst the possibilities to fabricate devices operational at terahertz frequencies are demonstrated. A model solution is proposed employing 5d rare-earth, strontium iridate (SrIrO) heterostructure with cobalt (Co) ultrathin layers.

Steric Inhibition by Butyryl Groups on Gut Microbial Amylases Significantly Impacts Fecal Fermentation of Butyrylated Starch.

Colonic starch fermentation requires the assistance of gut microbial amylases (GMAs). However, it remains unknown whether chemically substituted butyryl groups induce a steric inhibitory effect on GMAs analogous to that observed with pancreatic amylase during the intestinal digestion of butyrylated starch. In this study, we investigated the fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis performance of three types of butyrylated starch.

Assessment of interspecies and intergeneric gene flow for the GM event X8#34 with high oleic acid content in seed.

GM Jatropha X8#34 was placed for transgene flow assessment in the open field trial on Semakau Island, Singapore, between 2015 and 2017 to evaluate the potential gene flow to its non-GM counterparts and related species. The trial featured the GM Jatropha event X8#34, which is characterized by high oleic acid content, marker-free, and a homozygous transgene. The study focused on cross-pollination from the GM event to non-GM plants, analyzing factors such as distance, wind and insects mediated transfer, using event-specific multiplex PCR analysis of F1 seeds.

Comparative molecular landscapes of immature neurons in the mammalian dentate gyrus across species reveal special features in humans.

Immature dentate granule cells (imGCs) arising from adult hippocampal neurogenesis contribute to plasticity, learning and memory, but their evolutionary changes across species and specialized features in humans remain poorly understood. Here we performed machine learning-augmented analysis of published single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets and identified macaque imGCs with transcriptome-wide immature neuronal characteristics. Our cross-species comparisons among humans, monkeys, pigs, and mice showed few shared (such as DPYSL5), but mostly species-specific gene expression in imGCs that converged onto common biological processes regulating neuronal development.

Glioblastoma- derived exosomes (GBM-Exo) regulate microglial M2 polarization via the RAC1/AKT/NRF2 pathway.

Purpose: The impact of exosome-mediated communication between glioblastoma and microglia on the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment remains to be explored. Tumor-associated macrophages are more likely to adopt an M2-like phenotype within the immunosuppressive environment. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms by which glioblastoma-derived exosomes promote microglial M2 polarization through RAC1.

A recombinant protein vaccine induces protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 and XBB-lineage subvariants.

The emergence of XBB- and JN.1-lineages with remarkable immune evasion characteristics have led to rises in breakthrough infections within populations. In addition, the unfavorable impacts of immune imprinting, stemming from continuous exposure to antigens from circulated viruses, have been observed to incline immune response against earlier lineages, thereby declining the neutralization to newly emerged Omicron subvariants.

Duckweed: a starch-hyperaccumulating plant under cultivation with a combination of nutrient limitation and elevated CO.

Introduction: The increasing global demand for starch has created an urgent need to identify more efficient and sustainable production methods. However, traditional starch sources, such as crop-based options, experience significant bottlenecks due to limitations in land use, water consumption, and the impacts of climate change. Therefore, there is a pressing need to explore and develop new sources of starch.

Discovery of novel inhibitors of dengue viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase by molecular docking, in vitro assay, DFT, and MD simulations.

Dengue virus (DENV) is a significant significant mosquito-borne pathogen. Its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) plays a crucial role in viral replication, making it a critical target for antiviral drug development. The goal of this study was to identify potential inhibitors of the DENV RdRp through virtual screening and experimental assays.

-Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) with pendant carborane.

The design of easily modifiable nanohoops with favourable photophysical properties is crucial for their applications. Here, carborane-based boron-clusters are linked to -cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) as pendants through an alkyne insertion reaction with decaborane from an CPP-alkyne precursor. Subsequent deboronation reaction efficiently yields ionic CPP compounds with a high fluorescence quantum yield (81%) in solution.

Precise gene expression deconvolution in spatial transcriptomics with STged.

Spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) has transformed tissue biology by linking gene expression profiles with spatial information. However, sequencing-based SRT methods aggregate signals from multiple cell types within capture locations ("spots"), masking cell-type-specific gene expression patterns. Traditional cell-type deconvolution methods estimate cell compositions within spots but fail to resolve cell-type-specific gene expression, limiting their ability to uncover critical biological processes such as cellular interactions and microenvironmental dynamics.

Association between pathological scar and hypertension: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Observational studies have linked pathological scars to hypertension; however, the causality remains ambiguous. In this study, we aimed to explore this issue using Mendelian randomization (MR). We obtained genome-wide association study data for hypertrophic scar and hypertension from the IEU Open genome-wide association study project [hypertension (containing 9851,867 SNPs, observation group of 124,227, and control group of 337,653), hypertrophic scars (containing 16,380,443 SNPs with a sample mass of 207,482), and keloids (containing 24,197,210 SNPs and sample volume of 481,912)].

Elevated thrombosis-related biomarkers as predictors of disease severity and mortality in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome.

Aims: This study explores the changes in thrombosis-related indicators in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), providing a basis for early diagnosis, treatment, and disease monitoring.

Methods: The patients were divided into mild and severe groups, as well as survivor and non-survivor groups. Forty-five healthy individuals were included as a control group.

Investigating the Trajectories of Poor Vision in Children and Adolescents in Wuhan, China From 2016 to 2019: Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Poor vision is a challenging public health problem among children and adolescents globally and in China. It is well-recognized that early onset of poor vision and progressing to moderate and severe poor vision will increase the risk of irreversible blinding complications. To achieve the national goal of poor vision control and prevention, it is essential to investigate and understand the development of poor vision among children and adolescents in China.

Incorporating bilingual translation templates into neural machine translation.

In the neural machine translation (NMT) paradigm, transformer-based NMT has achieved great progress in recent years. It uses parallel corpus and is based on the stand end-to-end structure. Inspired by the process of translating sentences by translators and the success of templates in other natural language processing tasks, a new method is proposed to incorporate the bilingual translation templates into the Transformer-based NMT.

Transcriptomic Analysis Uncovers an Unfolded Protein Response in ADNP Syndrome.

Chromatin regulators are frequently mutated in autism spectrum disorders, but in most cases how they cause disease is unclear. Mutations in the activity dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) causes ADNP syndrome, which is characterized by intellectual deficiency and developmental delays. To identify mechanisms that contribute to ADNP syndrome, we used induced pluripotent stem cells derived from ADNP syndrome patients as a model to test the effects of syndromic ADNP mutations on gene expression and neurodifferentiation.

Design, synthesis, and biological activity of human glutaminyl cyclase inhibitors against Alzheimer's disease.

Human glutaminyl cyclase (hQC) has emerged as a critical target in Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to its role in generating pyroglutamate-modified amyloid β (pE-Aβ). In this study, 13 compounds were designed as target compounds by fragment-based drug design (FBDD) and molecular docking, and subsequently assessed for drug-like properties and predicted inhibitory activities through ADMET analysis and Uni-QSAR modeling. Target compounds were synthesized via systematic multi-step approaches, with acceptable yields.

Identification of novel inhibitors of dengue viral NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase through molecular docking, biological activity evaluation and molecular dynamics simulations.

The DENV-NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is essential for viral replication, and one of the targets of anti-virus. In this study, the Uni-VSW module was used to virtual screen 1.6 million compounds in the ChemDiv and TargetMol (USA) database, 27 candidates were obtained.

An adhesive, antibacterial hydrogel wound dressing fabricated by dopamine-grafted oxidized sodium alginate and methacrylated carboxymethyl chitosan incorporated with Cu(II) complex.

Effective wound dressings play an important role in preventing infections and promoting wound healing. Most polysaccharide-based hydrogel dressings have the drawbacks of weak tissue adhesion and poor antibacterial properties. Herein, a multifunctional dopamine-grafted oxidized sodium alginate-methacrylated carboxymethyl chitosan/gallic acid‑copper(II) complex (OD-CM/GA-Cu) hydrogel was fabricated through Schiff base bonds and photo-crosslinked polymerization between dopamine-grafted oxidized sodium alginate (OSA-DA) and methacrylated carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC-MA), with the integration of gallic acid‑copper(II) complexes (GA-Cu).

Effect of anthocyanins on the in vitro fermentation of high-amylose starch.

Resistant starch provides beneficial metabolites through gut microbiota fermentation, and the gut microbiota is modulated by the gut redox status. However, the impact of redox status on high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) fermentation metabolism remains uncertain. Anthocyanins (AC) are dietary antioxidants that modulate the redox status.

Synthesis of Alternating Copolymers with Substituents Containing Heteroatoms and the Regulation of Nontraditional Intrinsic Luminescence.

Compared with other sequence structure polymers, alternating polymers usually have several unique properties, but their properties are more sensitive to changes in structure. By investigating the relationship between the structure and properties of alternating polymer chains, polymers with desired properties can likely be synthesized. In this study, a series of alternating copolymers of 1,1-diphenylethylene (DPE) derivatives and styrene derivatives, which exhibit nontraditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL), are synthesized using living anionic polymerization.

Regulation of calcium signaling prevents neuronal death mediated by NIST DEP in xenoferroptotic cell death conditions.

Increased calcium levels are associated with the ferroptosis pathway in neurodegenerative conditions. Recent evidence showed that exposure to particulate matter (PM) could accelerate the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of how PM could affect brain cell pathology is not fully understood.

Exosomal lncRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in multiple myeloma.

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is the second most common malignancy of the hematopoietic system, accounting for approximately 10% of all hematological malignancies, and currently, there is no complete cure. Existing research indicates that exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial regulatory role in the initiation and progression of tumors, involving various interactions such as lncRNA-miRNA, lncRNA-mRNA, and lncRNA-RNA binding proteins (RBP). Despite the significant clinical application potential of exosomal lncRNAs, research in this area still faces challenges due to their low abundance and technical limitations.

Data-Driven Maturity Level Evaluation for Cardiomyocytes Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (Invited Paper).

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. The differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into functional cardiomyocytes offers significant potential for disease modeling and cell-based cardiac therapies. However, hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) remain largely immature, limiting their experimental and clinical applications.

Expanding the clinical spectrum of 19p13.3 microduplication syndrome: a case report highlighting nephrotic syndrome and literature review.

Background: Common clinical findings in patients with 19p13.3 duplication include intrauterine growth restriction, intellectual disability, developmental delay, microcephaly, and distinctive facial features. In this study, we report the case of a patient with 19p13.

Acrylamide Induces Antiapoptotic Autophagy and Apoptosis by Activating PERK Pathway in SH-SY5Y Cells.

Acrylamide (ACR) is a commonly used organic compound that exhibits evident neurotoxicity in humans. Our previous studies showed that the mechanisms of ACR-caused neurotoxicity included apoptosis, PERK-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy, but the relationships among them were still unclear. This paper investigated the relationships among apoptosis, autophagy, and the PERK pathway to demonstrate the mechanism of ACR neurotoxicity further.