Preference reversal in intertemporal decision making.

This study examines asymmetric preference reversals in intertemporal decision-making by comparing gain and loss contexts across choice and bidding tasks. In the gain context, participants preferred smaller, sooner (SS) rewards in choice tasks but assigned higher valuations to larger, later (LL) rewards in bidding tasks. Conversely, in the loss context, they showed a preference for LL options in choice tasks but provided lower bids for SS options.

Evaluation Scale or Output Format: The Attentional Mechanism Underpinning Time Preference Reversal.

Time preference reversals refers to systematic inconsistencies between preferences and valuations in intertemporal choice. When faced with a pair of intertemporal options, people preferred the smaller-sooner option but assign a higher price to the larger-later one. Different hypotheses postulate that the differences in evaluation scale or output format between the choice and the bid tasks cause the preference reversal.

Neural Correlate Differences in Number Sense Between Children With Low and Middle/High Socioeconomic Status.

Although some cognitive studies provided reasons that children with low socioeconomic status (SES) showed poor mathematical achievements, there was no explicit evidence to directly explain the root of lagged performance in children with low SES. Therefore, the present study explored the differences in neural correlates in the process of symbolic magnitude comparison between children with different SESs by the event-related potentials (ERPs). A total of 16 second-graders from low-SES families and 16 from middle/high-SES families participated in this study.

The power of last fixation: Biasing simple choices by gaze-contingent manipulation.

Among the established findings in eye movement during decision-making, decision-makers are likely to choose the last fixated option, and this phenomenon has proven robust. However, the causal link between last fixation and choices requires further examination. In Study 1 (N = 40), a gaze-contingent manipulation paradigm was developed by controlling the timing of decision prompts to manipulate the last fixation.