Discovery of antioxidants and α-glycosidase inhibitors from an endophytic fungus Penicillium brefeldianum F4a.

Oxidative stress significantly contributes to the progression of diabetes. The use of antioxidants or α-glycosidase inhibitors would be an effective therapeutic strategy for diabetes. To discover natural antioxidants or α-glycosidase inhibitors, two new compounds, penidione A (1) and peniorcinol D (2), were obtained from the endophytic fungus Penicillium brefeldianum F4a isolated from the roots of Houttuynia cordata Thunb.

Seasonal dynamics, sources, and ecological risk of estrogens in a freeze-thaw basin: Implications for aquatic ecosystems.

Estrogens have attracted extensive attention because of their harmful effects on organisms such as endocrine disturbance and reproductive toxicity. This study investigated the spatial and temporal distribution and ecological risk assessment of 7 targeted estrogens in surface water in a seasonal freeze-thaw basin. It mainly includes three natural estrogens, estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3), two synthetic estrogens, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and diethylstilbestrol (DES), and two phenolic environmental estrogens, bisphenol-A (BPA) and nonylphenol (NP).

Association of sarcopenia index, based on serum creatinine and cystatin C, with incident diabetes mellitus.

Background: Sarcopenia, characterized by loss of muscle mass and strength, has been linked to various health outcomes, including diabetes mellitus. This study aims to investigate the association of sarcopenia index, based on serum creatinine and cystatin C levels, with incident diabetes mellitus in middle-aged and older adults in China.

Methods: This study extracted data from 2015 to 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), including age ≥ 45-year adults without diabetes mellitus at baseline.

Saponin content in medicinal plants in response to application of organic and inorganic fertilizers: a meta-analysis.

The application of fertilizers is a key agronomic practice in the artificial cultivation of medicinal plants, aiming to boost yields and enhance the levels of their bioactive constituents. However, systematic investigations on the influence of various fertilizers on the concentration of active compounds in saponin-containing medicinal plants remain insufficient. In this study, 966 experimental outcomes from 29 papers were analyzed via meta-analysis to examine the effects of organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers, and their combined application on the levels of different saponin monomers in medicinal plants.

Focus on Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Target: Drugs Approved or Designed to Treat Obesity.

Obesity is closely related to metabolic diseases, which brings a heavy burden to the health care system. It is urgent to formulate and implement effective treatment strategies. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a protein with seven transmembrane domains connected by type B and G proteins, which is widely distributed and expressed in many organs and tissues.

Gait Speed and All-Cause Mortality in Whole-Spectrum Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Included 6217 Participants.

Background: The quantitative relationship between gait speed and mortality risk in patients with chronic kidney disease remains unclear. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to estimate the risk of mortality associated with gait speed in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.

Methods: Relevant studies published were identified through literature searches using Embase, PubMed and Web of Science.

Declining particulate organic carbon flux to estuary yet rising oceanic flux over the past 20 years: A case study of the Pearl River Estuary.

A substantial amount of particulate organic carbon (POC) is transported by the Pearl River to the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and the northern South China Sea (NSCS) via its dense river network and eight outlets. The basin's high-intensity human activities and the estuary's complex hydrodynamic environment result in spatiotemporal variability in the POC flux entering both the estuary and the sea. Utilizing 30-meter spatial resolution Landsat-7/8 satellite data with the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM), this study estimated the monthly POC fluxes entering the PRE and the NSCS from 2001 to 2020.

Hemoglobin glycation index and rapid kidney function decline in diabetes patients: Insights from CHARLS.

Aims: This study aimed to assess the relationship between hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) and risk of rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) in diabetic patients.

Methods: HGI was calculated as actual measured HbA1c minus predicted HbA1c. RKFD was defined as a 30 % decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate during follow-up.

Diagnosis and management of a giant retroperitoneal hematoma compressing the femoral nerve, following an ultrasound-guided lumbar sympathetic block: a case report.

Background: The lumbar sympathetic nerve block stands as a pivotal approach in managing complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) in the lower limbs. Retroperitoneal hemorrhage is an extremely rare and severe complication of lumbar sympathetic nerve block. Here, we report for the first time a case of retroperitoneal hemorrhage that initially presented with symptoms of femoral nerve compression.

[Research progress of acupuncture regulating enteric nervous system in Parkinson's disease].

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neuro-degenerative disease that is common in middle-aged and elderly people, and its incidence is increasing year by year. Studies have shown that pathological products produced by a series of pathological cascade reactions in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of PD patients travel to the brain through the vagus nerve pathway in the microbial-gut-brain axis, and ultimately lead to the occurrence and development of PD. Acupuncture plays an important role in interfering with pathological products of ENS, restoring ecological balance of intestine and delaying PD process.

Discovery of Novel Aromatic Urea-Imidazole Salt Derivatives for Cancer Therapy via Targeting ERK1/2.

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) are pivotal signaling molecules in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway and have emerged as potential antitumor targets, providing a promising strategy for tumor therapy. Therefore, the development of antitumor drugs targeting ERK protein has received extensive attention. Here, we developed a compound library based on a series of novel aromatic urea-imidazole salt derivatives and conducted phenotypic screening against various cancer cell lines.

Primary metabolomics and transcriptomic techniques were used to explore the regulatory mechanisms that may influence the flavor characteristics of fresh × .

To explore the flavor related regulatory mechanisms of fresh × , a joint analysis of metabolome and transcriptome were utilized to compare the two typical × varieties with different flavors ('yuzhui' and 'pingou21') in this paper. The results showed that the genes including , , , , , , , , , were identified as responsible for regulating the levels of stachyose, manninotriose and raffinose in hazelnuts. CS and OGDH were deemed as the genes involved in the citric acid cycle, which was a central metabolic pathway that generated energy through the oxidation of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in hazelnuts.

Neural mechanisms of tinnitus: An exploration from the perspective of varying severity levels.

Objective: To compare the brain functional changes in tinnitus patients of varying severities, in order to elucidate the complex relationship between tinnitus symptoms and neural mechanisms, providing a basis for personalized treatment for tinnitus patients with varying severity levels.

Method: 62 patients with chronic tinnitus were divided into severe and mild tinnitus group. 31 healthy controls (HC) matched for age, gender and education level were included.

Global burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children and adolescents.

Objectives: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become a major global public health issue, which has worsened over time owing to changes in disease-related trends. This study aimed to determine global trends in MDR-TB among children and adolescents for strategic health planning.

Methods: A secondary analysis was performed on MDR-TB burden among children and adolescents (<20 years) at the global, regional, and national levels based on sociodemographic index (SDI) quintiles from 1990 to 2019, using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database.

Cardiopulmonary fitness in children/adolescents with chronic kidney disease and the impact of exercise training: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational study and randomized controlled trials.

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate differences in cardiopulmonary fitness between healthy controls and children/adolescents with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the effects of exercise training.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for published studies from reception to 14 June 2023, and updated search on 15 October 2023. The included observational studies reported on cardiorespiratory fitness, included maximal oxygen uptake (VO), peak oxygen consumption (VO) and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), in children/adolescents with CKD and age-matched healthy controls, as well as clinical intervention trials of exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness in samples of children and/or adolescents up to 19.

Integrated analysis of the transcriptome and hormone metabolome elucidates the regulatory mechanisms governing walnut bud germination.

The walnut (Juglans regia) is an important oilseed tree species characterized by its extensive distribution, high oil yield, and nutrient-dense kernels, which provide substantial economic benefits. However, the rising incidence of late-spring frosts, exacerbated by global climate change, has adversely affected walnut yields. A comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved in bud dormancy, germination, and development is essential for developing strategies to mitigate the effects of late-spring frosts and for breeding frost-resistant cultivars.

Magnetic field facilitated-colorimetric aptasensor for selective and sensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus using aptamer-labeled Zn/Co ICPs nanoenzyme.

Colorimetric detection of pathogenic bacteria (such as S. aureus) in complex sample confronts challenges regarding sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy. In this paper, a magnetic field facilitated (MFF)-colorimetric aptasensor was proposed for S.

Infant RSV infection desensitizes β2-adrenergic receptor via CXCL11-CXCR7 signaling in airway smooth muscle.

Rationale: Airflow obstruction refractory to β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonists is an important clinical feature of infant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis, with limited treatment options. This resistance is often linked to poor drug delivery and potential viral infection of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). Whether RSV inflammation causes β2AR desensitization in infant ASMCs is unknown.

The Alteration of Brain Network Topology in Tinnitus Transition From Recent-Onset to Chronic.

The occurrence and persistence of tinnitus result from the interaction of multiple neural networks. This study aims to explore the alterations in brain network topology associated with the transition of tinnitus from recent-onset to chronic. Twenty-eight patients with chronic tinnitus, 28 patients with recent-onset tinnitus and 28 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study.

[Progress in the immunometabolism in the regulation of macrophage function in sepsis].

Macrophages are widely distributed in peripheral blood, lungs, liver, brain, kidneys, skin, testes, vascular endothelial cells, and other parts of the body. As sentinel cells of innate immunity, they play an important role in the occurrence and development of sepsis. Recent research in immune metabolism has revealed the complicated relationship between specific metabolic pathways of macrophages and their phenotype and function in sepsis.

A Gene from Tea Plants Intercropped with Chinese Chestnut Plays an Important Role in Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses.

Tea plant () is an important horticultural crop. The quality and productivity of tea plants is always threatened by various adverse environmental factors. Numerous studies have shown that intercropping tea plants with other plants can greatly improve the quality of their products.

Constructing atomically dispersed Ni-Mn catalysts for electrochemical CO reduction over the wide potential window.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs), known for their high atomic utilization efficiency, are highly attractive for electrochemical CO conversion. Nevertheless, it is struggling to use a single active site to overcome the linear scaling relationship among intermediates. Herein, an isolated diatomic Ni-Mn dual-sites catalyst was anchored on nitrogenated carbon, which exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic performance towards CO reduction.

The Spatial Distribution of Brain Metastasis Is Determined by the Heterogeneity of the Brain Microenvironment.

It is now understood that brain metastases do not occur randomly but have distinct spatial patterns depending on the origin of the cancer. According to the "seed and soil" hypothesis, the final colonization of metastatic cells is the result of their adaptation to the altered environment. To investigate the most favorable microenvironment for brain metastasis, we analyzed neuroimaging data from 177 patients with breast cancer brain metastasis and 548 patients with lung cancer brain metastasis to create a replicable probabilistic map of metastatic locations.

Assessment of MGMT promoter methylation status in glioblastoma using deep learning features from multi-sequence MRI of intratumoral and peritumoral regions.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of deep learning features derived from multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status among glioblastoma patients.

Methods: Clinical, pathological, and MRI data of 356 glioblastoma patients (251 methylated, 105 unmethylated) were retrospectively examined from the public dataset The Cancer Imaging Archive. Each patient underwent preoperative multi-sequence brain MRI scans, which included T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI).

Association of triglyceride-glucose index and diabesity: evidence from a national longitudinal study.

Background: Diabesity, a co-occurrence of diabetes and obesity, is a growing public health concern globally. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, has been associated with various metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the association between TyG index and new-onset diabesity in a national longitudinal study.