Ultrastructural Changes of Synapses in the Hippocampus of Sprague Dawley Rat Brain following Exposure to Naphthalene Balls.

Introduction: The synaptic contacts play an important role in central nervous system (CNS) functioning. Ultrastructural features of synapses in CNS are not studied in naphthalene neurotoxicity model.

Materials And Methodology: In the present work, transmission electron microscopy was used for studying the ultrastructural features of synapses in the hippocampus of Sprague Dawley rat brain, on subsequent exposure to naphthalene balls.

To Restrain or Refrain: Determination of Parental Attitude towards the Child's Experience with Protective Stabilization.

Background: To overcome disruptive behavior of children, pediatric dentists rely on various behavior management techniques. When dental therapy is pertinent and nonaversive techniques like tell-show-do, voice control, and positive reinforcement are ineffective; the role of advanced behavior guidance techniques like physical restraints and protective stabilization is of paramount importance.

Aim: The study was carried out to elicit parents' opinion and record their response to their children's experience who underwent dental treatment with an extra assistant for protective stabilization.

Lip Biting Scar and its Treatment - A Rare Case Report.

Oral habits are an acquired mode of behavior that has become nearly or completely involuntary. Oral habits such as thumb sucking, lip sucking, tongue thrusting, lip biting, nail biting, object biting, and bruxism have serious health consequences. Several etiological factors have been linked to the development of oral habits.

Nicotina Stomatitis - A Report of Two Cases.

Nicotina stomatitis is the inflammation of the minor salivary glands present in the hard palate due to chronic smoking habit. The patients are mostly symptomless and present with multiple red discrete papules in the hard palate surrounded by grayish white areas. The histopathology of the lesion is discussed and cessation of the smoking habit treats the condition within 2-4 weeks.

Survival Function of Clinical and Radiographic Success of Three Obturating Materials in Primary Teeth at 3, 6 and 9 Months Periodic Intervals - A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

The study aims to assess clinically and radiographically the success of zinc oxide eugenol, metapex, and endoflas as root canal obturating materials in primary teeth over 3, 6, and 9 months of time intervals. The randomized controlled trial was performed in 60 primary molars of 36 children aged between 4 and 9 years. Permanent restorations were given and stainless steel crowns were placed for the treated tooth.

Ectopic Mandibular Canine with Partial Anodontia - A Rare Case Report.

Ectopic eruption of the tooth is a developmental disturbance where the tooth does not erupt in a normal position. This may be due to arch length deficiency or due to, delayed or premature exfoliation of deciduous teeth, or a combination of the above. A total or complete absence of teeth is called true anodontia; if one or more teeth are missing, it is called partial anodontia.

Basics of Epigenetics and Role of Epigenetics in Diabetic Complications.

The term "Epigenetics" includes mechanisms by which genetic expression is altered without a change in the underlying DNA sequence. The changes caused by epigenetic mechanisms are inheritable and are one way in direction (irreversible) and also explains why there is differences in genetic expressions of monozygotic twins. The epigenetic mechanisms alter the genetic expressions through DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of histone, and noncoding RNAs.

First Molars in Permanent Dentition and their Malformations in Various Pathologies: A Review.

Permanent maxillary and mandibular first molars are the first permanent teeth to erupt into the oral cavity along with the mandibular incisors. It serves as an excellent record of maternal and fetal health, reflecting the prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal health and diseases. This review focuses on the molar morphogenesis, molar malformations, their etiopathogenesis, and pathologies causing specific pattern of molar malformations.

Immunohistochemical Detection of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in Follicular and Plexiform Ameloblastoma - A Novel Study.

Background: Ameloblastoma is the second most common odontogenic tumor that holds a unique position among benign tumors due to its locally destructive and invasive nature. The differed tumor biology behind follicular and plexiform ameloblastoma is always an enigma. Nerve growth factor (NGF), a neurotrophin that plays a major role during odontogenesis, could also possibly play a role in the pathogenesis of odontogenic tumors such as ameloblastoma.

Molecular Insight into Odontogenesis in Hyperglycemic Environment: A Systematic Review.

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrinal disorder affecting worldwide and the disease incidence is rising alarmingly high. The effects of diabetes on tooth development are explored by limited studies and their molecular insights are very rarely studied. This systematic review is aimed to provide the best scientific literature source on the molecular insights into odontogenesis in hyperglycemic environment caused by diabetes mellitus or by maternal diabetes on the offspring.

Myoepithelioma.

Myoepithelioma is a benign salivary gland tumor in the head and neck region, accounting for 1-1.5% of all glandular tumors. The diagnosis is rendered histopathologically, and it includes the proliferation of myoepithelial cells, without chondroid or myxochondroid stroma and ductal components (up to 5% of ductal component is acceptable).

Clinical evaluation of nonsyndromic dental anomalies in Dravidian population: A cluster sample analysis.

Aim: To record the prevalence rate of dental anomalies in Dravidian population and analyze the percentage of individual anomalies in the population.

Methodology: A cluster sample analysis was done, where 244 subjects studying in a dental institution were all included and analyzed for occurrence of dental anomalies by clinical examination, excluding third molars from analysis.

Results: 31.

Prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma of tongue in and around Davangere, Karnataka, India: A retrospective study over 13 years.

Aim: The aim was to determine the frequency and distribution of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) involving tongue among patients by studying biopsy specimens obtained from the archives of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India, during the past 13 years.

Methodology: Data for the study were retrieved from the case records of patients. Analyzed clinical variables included age, sex, anatomical site, and histological diagnosis.

Role of proteomics in physiologic and pathologic conditions of dentistry: Overview.

Proteomics is the study of structure and function of proteins in a large scale. For any living organism, preteins are considered to be the vital part because of its role in metabolic pathways of cells. These proteins not only play a role in physiological condition of the cell but also in altered manner during pathologic conditions.

Halitosis - An overview: Part-I - Classification, etiology, and pathophysiology of halitosis.

Halitosis is a condition where the breath is altered in an unpleasant manner for the affected individuals and impairs them socially as well as psychologically. Halitosis can be clinically classified as real halitosis, pseudohalitosis, and halitophobia. Real halitosis has oral and extra-oral etiologies and the pathophysiology involves interaction of anaerobic microbes (mainly) with the proteins present in the oral cavity fluids and contents, resulting in production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs).

Dimensional and morphological analysis of various rugae patterns in Kerala (South India) sample population: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Analysis of palatal rugae patterns, which are similar to fingerprints, is one of the techniques used in forensic sciences for human identification. As palatal rugae patterns are genetically determined, they can also be used in population differentiation and gender determination. Hence, we aimed to record the distribution of the predominant rugae pattern in Kerala population.

Dermatoglyphic patterns and salivary pH in subjects with and without dental caries: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Dermatoglyphic patterns, which are regularly used in judicial and legal investigations, can be valuable in the diagnosis of many diseases associated with genetic disorders. Dental caries although of infectious origin, may have a genetic predisposition. Hence, we evaluated the correlation between dental caries and dermatoglyphic patterns among subjects with and without dental caries and evaluated its association with environmental factors such as salivary pH.

Granularity in granular cell ameloblastoma.

Granular cell ameloblastoma (GCA) is one of the rare histological variants of ameloblastoma (1.5-3.5%), identified by Krompechner in 1918 and is diagnosed by the characteristic presence of granular cells.

Analysis of prevalence and clinical features of multicystic ameloblastoma and its histological subtypes in South Indian sample population: A retrospective study over 13 years.

Objective: The study was designed to analyze the frequency and clinical features of multicystic ameloblastoma and its histological variants in South Indian sample population, as there is minute information available in the English literature.

Methodology: The study source was the biopsy specimens retrieved from the archives of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India, during the past 13 years, from 2001 to 2013. Clinical data for the study were obtained from the case records of patients and the analyzed clinical variables were age, gender and anatomical location.

Morphological alterations in the dentition of type I diabetes mellitus patients.

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine disorder that occurs commonly in an age group, where the development of primary and permanent dentition takes place. As altered endocrine functions may affect the shape and size of teeth leading to dental anomalies, this study was conducted to look for the occurrence of any dental anomalies in type I DM patients.

Materials And Methods: A diabetic camp was conducted at Alur Chandrashekharappa Memorial Hospital, Davangere, where 30 diabetic patients were examined and the impressions of their maxillary and mandibular arches were recorded.