Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Current, Ongoing, and Future Approaches.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains an impactful infectious disease, leading to millions of deaths every year. causes the formation of granulomas, which will determine, through the host-pathogen relationship, if the infection will remain latent or evolve into active disease. Early TB diagnosis is life-saving, especially among immunocompromised individuals, and leads to proper treatment, preventing transmission.

Geraniol Potentiates the Effect of Fluconazole against Planktonic and Sessile Cells of Azole-Resistant : In Vitro and In Vivo Analyses.

is regarded as an opportunistic pathogen, causing diseases ranging from superficial infections to life-threatening disseminated infections. The ability of this yeast to form biofilms and develop resistance to antifungals represents a significant therapeutic challenge. Herein, the effect of geraniol (GER), alone and combined with fluconazole (FLZ), was evaluated in the planktonic and sessile cells of azole-resistant .

Mobility Levels of Critically Ill Adult Patients and Extubation Success: A Cohort Study.

The reduced mobility in critically ill patients is still a reality in many intensive care units. This study aims to investigate if mobility level is associated with extubation outcome in adult patients. Prospective cohort study which comprised adults who had undergone initial invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours and were independently mobile before hospitalization.

The Therapeutic Potential of Angeli's Salt in Mitigating Acute Infection in Mice.

Chagas disease (CD), caused by , is a neglected tropical disease prevalent in Latin America. Infected patients are treated to eliminate the parasite, reduce the cardiomyopathy risk, and interrupt the disease transmission cycle. The World Health Organization recognizes benznidazole (BZ) and nifurtimox as effective drugs for CD treatment.

Antiprotozoal Activity of Benzoylthiourea Derivatives against : Insights into Mechanism of Action.

For decades, only two nitroheterocyclic drugs have been used as therapeutic agents for Chagas disease. However, these drugs present limited effectiveness during the chronic phase, possess unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties, and induce severe adverse effects, resulting in low treatment adherence. A previous study reported that -(cyclohexylcarbamothioyl) benzamide (), -(-butylcarbamothioyl) benzamide (), and (4-bromo--(3-nitrophenyl) carbamothioyl benzamide () present selective antiprotozoal activity against all developmental forms of Y strain.

The Antibacterial and Wound Healing Properties of Natural Products: A Review on Plant Species with Therapeutic Potential against Wound Infections.

Wounds of an acute or chronic etiology affect millions of people worldwide, with increasing prevalence every year. Microbial infections are one of the main causes that impair the wound healing process, and , a commensal member of the skin microbiota, is one of the main causative agents of wound infections. Crucially, a high proportion of these infections are caused by methicillin-resistant , which, in addition to β-lactams, has acquired resistance to almost all the antibacterial agents used to treat it, limiting therapeutic options.

Dermatological Manifestations in COVID-19: A Case Study of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Genetic Thrombophilic Patient with Mthfr Mutation.

The present case study describes the dermatological manifestations of COVID-19 in a patient with genetic thrombophilia (MTHFR-C677T mutation) and the identification of a SARS-CoV-2 variant of interest (VOI). A female patient, 47 years old, unvaccinated, with thrombophilia, was diagnosed with COVID-19. She presented with urticarial and maculopapular eruptions from the seventh day of symptoms, which progressed to multiple lesions with dark centers (D-dimer value > 1450 ng/mL).

Synergistic antifungal interaction of -(butylcarbamothioyl) benzamide and amphotericin B against .

Introduction: is one of the leading causes of invasive fungal infections worldwide. Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is the main challenge of antifungal therapy due to high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This can be partly attributed to the lack of specific diagnosis difficulty accessing treatment, antifungal resistance and antifungal toxicity.

High Prevalence of Panton-valentine Leukocidin-encoding Genes in Methicillin-resistant Isolated from Inpatients with Invasive Infections at a University Hospital in Southern Brazil.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of a wide diversity of infections in humans, and the expression of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) has been associated with severe clinical syndromes.

Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PVL-encoding genes in S. aureus isolated from clinical samples of inpatients with invasive infections in a teaching hospital in Southern Brazil.

Association of the mobility level of critically ill adult patients with the success of extubation: protocol for a cohort study.

Introduction: Several factors contribute to the reduction of the mobility in ICU), such as the use of sedatives, severity, invasive devices, acute clinical instability, lack of resources, the culture of immobility, architectural barriers and the own weakness developed in the ICU. The need for ventilatory support is common in most of patients, and weaning from mechanical ventilation (MV) is an arduous process that requires the commitment of the entire team. Instruments that objectively assess the mobility of patients admitted to the ICU can be useful to identify the existence or not of an association between mobility and prognosis.

Antifungal Combination of Ethyl Acetate Extract of (DC.) L. P. Queiros Stem Bark With Amphotericin B in .

is the leading cause of cryptococcosis, an invasive and potentially fatal infectious disease. Therapeutic failures are due to the increase in antifungal resistance, the adverse effects of drugs, and the unavailability of therapeutic regimens in low-income countries, which limit the treatment of cryptococcosis, increasing the morbidity and mortality associated with these infections. Thus, new antifungal drugs and innovative strategies for the cryptococcosis treatment are urgently needed.

Clinical protocols for oral anticoagulant reversal during high risk of bleeding for emergency surgical and nonsurgical settings: a narrative review.

Background And Objectives: Oral anticoagulants prevent thromboembolic events but expose patients to a significant risk of bleeding due to the treatment itself, after trauma, or during surgery. Any physician working in the emergency department or involved in the perioperative care of a patient should be aware of the best reversal approach according to the type of drug and the patient's clinical condition. This paper presents a concise review and proposes clinical protocols for the reversal of oral anticoagulants in emergency settings, such as bleeding or surgery.

Wittm. fruit extracts as inhibitors: and approaches.

Leishmaniasis is a group of neglected diseases caused by parasites of the genus. The treatment of Leishmaniasis represents a great challenge, because the available drugs present high toxicity and none of them is fully effective. is a botanical genus rich in phenolic compounds, which leaves extracts have already been described by its antileishmanial action.

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus Displaying Reduced Susceptibility to Vancomycin and High Biofilm-Forming Ability.

Background: Staphylococcus haemolyticus is one of the most frequently coagulasenegative staphylococci isolated from healthcare-associated infections, mainly those related to implanted medical devices.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile and biofilm forming capacity of S. haemolyticus isolated from bloodstream infections.

Whole-Genome Sequence of Bioactive Compound-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain LV.

is known for a high adaptive capacity due to the ability to synthesize several compounds that give advantages for competing with other microorganisms in the environment. The LV strain synthesizes bioactive compounds, mainly by secondary metabolism, with antitumor and antimicrobial activities against microbial pathogens.

Nasal Carriage by among Healthcare Workers and Students Attending a University Hospital in Southern Brazil: Prevalence, Phenotypic, and Molecular Characteristics.

Background: can asymptomatically colonize the human anterior nares and skin, and nasal colonization by this bacterium represents a potential risk for development of invasive infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of nasal carriage among healthcare workers and students attending a university hospital and to characterize the isolates phenotypically and molecularly.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 324 volunteers.

Risk factors associated among respiratory health and banana farming.

Pesticides cause risks to the respiratory health of banana farming workers. To investigate the prevalence of ventilatory dysfunction in workers and characteristics of work in banana production in a region of the Ribeira Valley, Brazil. A questionnaire containing sociodemographic, work and health data was applied, as well as spirometry.

Combination Therapy Using Benznidazole and Aspirin during the Acute Phase of Experimental Chagas Disease Prevents Cardiovascular Dysfunction and Decreases Typical Cardiac Lesions in the Chronic Phase.

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan , is one of the main causes of death due to cardiomyopathy and heart failure in Latin American countries. The treatment of Chagas disease is directed at eliminating the parasite, decreasing the probability of cardiomyopathy and disrupting the disease transmission cycle. Benznidazole (BZ) and nifurtimox (Nfx) are recognized as effective drugs for the treatment of Chagas disease by the World Health Organization, but both have high toxicity and limited efficacy, especially in the chronic disease phase.

Colonization profile and duration by multi-resistant organisms in a prospective cohort of newborns after hospital discharge.

The aim of this study was to determine the spontaneous decolonization period and characteristics in a prospective cohort of newborns colonized by multidrug-resistant organisms, after their discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. Multidrug resistance is defined as bacterial non-susceptibility to ≥ 1 agent of ≥ 3 antimicrobial categories. In total, 618 newborns were included in the study, of which 173 (28.

[Comparison between erector spinal plane block and epidural block techniques for postoperative analgesia in open cholecystectomies: a randomized clinical trial].

Introduction And Objectives: Blockade of the Erector Spinal Muscle (ESP Block) is a relatively new block, initially described for chronic thoracic pain analgesia, but it has already been described for anesthesia and analgesia in thoracic surgical procedures and, more recently, for high abdominal surgeries. The aim of the study was to compare two techniques, ESP Block and Epidural Block, with morphine and local anesthetic for postoperative analgesia of open cholecystectomy surgeries.

Methods: Controlled single-blind randomized clinical trial with 31 patients (ESP Block, n = 15; Epidural, n = 16), of both genders, ages between 27 and 77 years.

Hydrogel Containing Oleoresin From Presents Antibacterial Activity Against .

or Group B (GBS) remains a leading cause of neonatal infections worldwide; and the maternal vaginal-rectal colonization increases the risk of vertical transmission of GBS to neonates and development of infections. This study reports the antibacterial effect of the oleoresin from Jacq. L.

Differences in cNOS/iNOS Activity during Resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in 5-Lipoxygenase Knockout Mice.

Infection with the protozoan causes Chagas disease and consequently leads to severe inflammatory heart condition; however, the mechanisms driving this inflammatory response have not been completely elucidated. Nitric oxide (NO) is a key mediator of parasite killing in -infected mice, and previous studies have suggested that leukotrienes (LTs) essentially regulate the NO activity in the heart. We used infected 5-lipoxygenase-deficient mice (5-LO) to explore the participation of nitric oxide synthase isoforms, inducible (iNOS) and constitutive (cNOS), in heart injury, cytokine profile, and oxidative stress during the early stage of infection.