Identification of dequalinium as a potent inhibitor of human organic cation transporter 2 by machine learning based QSAR model.

Human organic cation transporter 2 (hOCT2/SLC22A2) is a key drug transporter that facilitates the transport of endogenous and exogenous organic cations. Because hOCT2 is responsible for the development of adverse effects caused by platinum-based anti-cancer agents, drugs with OCT2 inhibitory effects may serve as prophylactic agents against the toxicity of platinum-based anti-cancer agents. In the present study, we established a machine learning-based quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model for hOCT2 inhibitors based on the public ChEMBL database and explored novel hOCT2 inhibitors among the FDA-approved drugs.

Multimodal Treatment Approach for a Recurrent Hemorrhagic Scalp Arteriovenous Fistula: A Case Report.

Scalp arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a rare vascular malformation that may present as a pulsatile scalp mass with complications like hemorrhage. We report a case of a large scalp AVF with recurrent bleeding, managed successfully with a multimodal approach. A 46-year-old man presented with a recurrently bleeding pulsatile scalp mass in the left temporal region, initially diagnosed as AVF following trauma.

Hemodynamic Insights Into the Asymmetrical Medullary Vein Sign on T2* Imaging in Hyperacute M1 Occlusion.

Background In treating acute ischemic stroke (AIS), asymmetrical vein signs (AVS) on blood-oxygen-level-dependent imaging reflect increased deoxyhemoglobin levels due to increased oxygen extraction fraction. Meanwhile, although veins connecting pial and deep venous systems, such as transcerebral veins, are well studied, dynamic observation of these veins remains challenging. This study aimed to elucidate the venous flow of the deep white matter (DWM), focusing on medullary AVS in patients with hyperacute cardioembolic M1 occlusion.

Combination of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy and Lumboperitoneal Shunt: A Case Report.

The combination of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt surgery presents unique challenges in managing shunt-related infections. Although the association between PEG and ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery is well documented, studies on the combination of PEG and lumboperitoneal (LP) shunt surgeries are limited. We report the case of a 70-year-old man who developed hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy for ischemic stroke.

Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome without Headache.

A 49-year-old woman with a family history of Moyamoya disease presented with sudden onset of right hemiparesis without headache. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head revealed a cerebral infarct in the left corona radiata, and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed severe stenosis of the bilateral internal carotid, middle, anterior, and posterior cerebral arteries. Antithrombotic therapy improved her symptoms.

Contribution of human organic anion transporter 3-mediated transport of a major linezolid metabolite, PNU-142586, in linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia.

Thrombocytopenia, a common adverse effect of linezolid, often occurs in patients lacking typical risk factors. In this study, we investigated the key risk factors for linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia using two real-world clinical databases and explored its underlying mechanism through in vitro and in vivo experiments. In a retrospective analysis of 150 linezolid-treated patients, multivariate analysis identified coadministration of lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, as a significant independent risk factor for thrombocytopenia (odds ratio: 2.

Spinal magnetic resonance imaging artifacts in lumboperitoneal shunt surgery using adjustable valve implantation on the paravertebral spinal muscles.

Background: Adjustable shunt valves that have been developed for managing hydrocephalus rely on intrinsically magnetic components ; thus, artifacts with these valves on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are inevitable. No studies on valve-induced artifacts in lumboperitoneal shunt (LPS) surgery have been published. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate valve-induced artifacts in LPS.

Usefulness of non-slip element percutaneous transluminal angioplasty scoring balloons in treating severe calcified lesions of the carotid artery for carotid artery stenting: A case report.

Background: Treatment of calcified lesions with conventional angioplasty balloons can be difficult due to insufficient lumen expansion, high dissection rates, and repeated revascularization. We report a case in which a scoring balloon was used in lesions resistant to angioplasty with a semi-compliant balloon.

Case Description: A 72-year-old man presented with severe stenosis and a highly calcified lesion in the right cervical internal carotid artery.

Delayed Diagnosis of Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: A Case Report and Scoping Review.

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) is among the most common arterial shunt diseases typically found in middle aged or older men. Herein, we aimed to clarify the reasons for misdiagnoses and delayed diagnoses of SDAVF, determine how these affect prognoses, and establish how they can be prevented. We conducted a PubMed/MEDLINE literature search using "spinal dural arteriovenous fistula", "delayed diagnosis", "late diagnosis", and "misdiagnosis" terms.

Hands-on neuroendovascular practice for nonselective undergraduate medical students increases interest and aspirations in pursuing neurosurgery as a specialization.

Background: The number of medical students aspiring to become neurosurgeons has decreased worldwide, mainly due to poor work-life balance among neurosurgeons; therefore, recruiting students for neurosurgery is essential to ensure the availability and appropriate quality of neurosurgical treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of hands-on neuroendovascular practice for nonselective undergraduate medical students to determine whether this increases their interest in neurosurgery and contributes to their aspirations of becoming neurosurgeons.

Methods: Hands-on neuroendovascular practice for mechanical thrombectomy was performed by undergraduate 5-year medical students during their 2-week clinical rotation in the Department of neurosurgery at our university hospital between April 2021 and March 2023.

Gradually Progressive Interstitial Pneumonia Following COVID-19 in an Older Patient: A Case Report.

Since its confirmation in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, at the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide in multiple epidemic waves while undergoing mutations. To date, numerous individuals have been infected. Symptoms range from asymptomatic and common cold-like to acute respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which can lead to death.

Rare complication of lumboperitoneal shunt with distal catheter migration into the inguinal hernia sac in two adults: A case report.

Background: Despite the proven benefits of lumboperitoneal shunt (LPS) for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus, complications such as catheter migration remain a problem. Inguinal complications of the distal catheter are rare in adults, and their management is uncertain. Herein, we present two cases of distal catheter migration into the inguinal hernia sac after LPS in adults and recommend their management.

Dual roles of crustacean female sex hormone during juvenile stage in the kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus.

The crustacean female sex hormone (CFSH) has been identified as a female-specific hormone that plays a crucial role in female phenotype developments in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus. To date, its homologous genes have been reported in various decapod species. Additionally, unlike the blue crab, several species have two different CFSH subtypes.

Surgical Treatment of Vertebral Compression Fracture in a Patient with Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) with gait disturbance can be effectively treated with a cerebrospinal fluid shunt. Furthermore, balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) is a successful minimally invasive treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). This case report presents the surgical management of an elderly patient with iNPH who presented after a VCF due to a fall.

A complete thrombotic large aneurysm at the nonbranching segment of the distal anterior cerebral artery mimicking a cavernous malformation: illustrative case.

Background: Thrombotic aneurysms at the nonbranching segment of the distal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) are extremely rare and difficult to differentiate from cavernous malformations by radiographic features alone.

Observations: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of a 30-year-old female patient with a chronic headache complaint revealed a 22-mm frontal lobe mass. The mass showed heterogeneous mixed intensity and hemosiderin deposits on magnetic resonance images.

Unilateral C1 Posterior Arch Screw-C2 Laminar Screw Posterior Fixation for Vertebral Artery Preservation in Bow Hunter's Syndrome.

Pedicle or lateral mass screws, which are usually used to fix atlantoaxial instability, increase the risk of vertebral artery (VA) injury in patients with bone or arterial anomalies or osteoporotic bone. Here, we report the use of a unilateral C1 posterior arch screw-C2 laminar screw posterior fixation with a contralateral C1 lateral mass screw for VA preservation in a patient with bow hunter's syndrome (BHS). A 65-year-old male presented with recurrent loss of consciousness in the right rotational and backward-bending head positions for 1 year.

A Case of Suspected Radiation-Induced Meningioma That Developed 36 Years after Radiotherapy for a Suprasellar Tumor.

Recently, the improvements in the prognosis of childhood brain tumors have made it necessary to consider the risk of radiation-induced brain tumor development in long-term survivors. In this report, we describe a case of radiation-induced meningioma (RIM) treated surgically 36 years after radiotherapy. A 46-year-old woman, who underwent craniotomy for suprasellar germ cell tumor at 10 years of age with additional postoperative radiotherapy, was admitted to the emergency room with consciousness disturbance and right hemiplegia.

Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis in the Small Intestine Mimicking Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis in a Young Male Patient.

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is a disease involving the gastrointestinal tract that involves the invasion of eosinophils into the lumen of the tract. Invasion of eosinophils in the tract causes edema and inflammation of the wall, resulting in acute or chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain. EGE can cause chronic inflammation in the small intestine, thereby mimicking chronic vasculitis.

Fact-Finding Survey of Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury in Japan: Standardization of Care and Collaboration Between Neurosurgery and Emergency Departments.

Background: Standardization of seamless treatment from prehospital injury care to initial injury and specialized care through collaboration among departments have been promoted in Japan since 2000. This survey was conducted to examine the current status of the system for treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Japan.

Methods: In February 2022, questionnaires on the treatment system and TBI care were sent to 869 facilities that participated in a training program held by the Japan Neurosurgical Society.

Stent retriever angioplasty for acute atherosclerotic occlusion of internal carotid artery: A case report.

Background: Despite the proven benefit of stent retriever thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke caused by large-vessel embolic occlusion, acute revascularization in the setting of underlying intracranial, atherosclerosis-related, and emergent large-vessel occlusion remains to be a challenge. In this case report, we present a novel revascularization technique that can be used to treat acute ischemic stroke caused by suspected intracranial, atherosclerosis-related, and emergent large-vessel occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA).

Case Description: This case report presents two patients with intracranial, atherosclerosis-related, and emergent large-vessel occlusion of the ICA: a 73-year-old man with a right-sided hemiparesis and aphasia and a 60-year-old man with altered level of consciousness.

The development of a new, ultra-fine, and flexible neuroendoscope for intracranial observation.

Background: A neuroendoscope is a technical advance that allows surgeons to visualize certain regions of the brain that was previously inaccessible through the use of a surgical microscope. Several neuroendoscope designs have been implemented by other neurosurgeons over the past 5 years. The advantage of a neuroendoscope is the addition of a flexible and narrow tip that allows for safe entry into intracranial structures for clinical observation.

Trigeminal neuropathy after tozinameran vaccination against COVID-19 in postmicrovascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: illustrative case.

Background: Vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 have a high level of efficacy and safety across all populations. However, numerous case series have been published on neurological disorders, including Bell's palsy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, transverse myelitis, and multiple sclerosis. The authors presented a case of trigeminal neuropathy after coronavirus vaccination in a patient who had undergone microvascular decompression (MVD) for trigeminal neuralgia (TN).

Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy Following COVID-19 Vaccination in a Young Adult Complicated by Various Medicines.

Mononeuritis multiplex is a rare form of cerebral nerve palsy caused by various factors. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination could be an etiology of mononeuritis multiplex, which can affect various nerves. Post-COVID-19 and vaccination-related neurological impairments involve cranial nerves such as the facial, trigeminal, and vagal nerves.

Anti-Mi2 Antibody Positive Dermatomyositis With Hyper-Elevated Creatine Kinase: A Case Report.

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a critical disease that affects the quality of life of middle-aged and older patients. The clinical findings of DM can be determined by serological profiles of autoantibodies specific to DM. We report the case of a 65-year-old female patient with anti-Mi-2 antibody-positive DM and severe muscular findings.

goat brain model for neurosurgical training.

Background: Novice neurosurgeons require neurosurgical technique training, but the current method is demanding and time consuming. Therefore, it is crucial to perform training using an appropriate and informative method. In this report, we describe our attempts to provide training in neurosurgical techniques using goat brain model and to demonstrate the effectiveness of this model.