Relative abundance of total subgingival plaque-specific bacteria in salivary microbiota reflects the overall periodontal condition in patients with periodontitis.

Increasing attention is being focused on evaluating the salivary microbiota as a promising method for monitoring oral health; however, its bacterial composition greatly differs from that of dental plaque microbiota, which is a dominant etiologic factor of oral diseases. This study evaluated the relative abundance of subgingival plaque-specific bacteria in the salivary microbiota and examined a relationship between the abundance and severity of periodontal condition in patients with periodontitis. Four samples (subgingival and supragingival plaques, saliva, and tongue coating) per each subject were collected from 14 patients with a broad range of severity of periodontitis before periodontal therapy.

Identification of the microbiota in carious dentin lesions using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

While mutans streptococci have long been assumed to be the specific pathogen responsible for human dental caries, the concept of a complex dental caries-associated microbiota has received significant attention in recent years. Molecular analyses revealed the complexity of the microbiota with the predominance of Lactobacillus and Prevotella in carious dentine lesions. However, characterization of the dentin caries-associated microbiota has not been extensively explored in different ethnicities and races.

Compositional stability of a salivary bacterial population against supragingival microbiota shift following periodontal therapy.

Supragingival plaque is permanently in contact with saliva. However, the extent to which the microbiota contributes to the salivary bacterial population remains unclear. We compared the compositional shift in the salivary bacterial population with that in supragingival plaque following periodontal therapy.

Interaction of chlorpromazine with 2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-monophosphate by PM3 calculation.

Using the PM3 method, the interactions between chlorpromazine (CPZ) with 2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-monophosphate (dGMP) were examined. We obtained the optimized geometrical structure of each CPZ, dGMP and a CPZ-dGMP system in both aqueous-phase and gaseous-phase and investigated their geometric and electric changes and Force calculation. By Force calculation, three vibrations at 835, 800 and 737 cm-1 were assigned to the antisymmetric and symmetric P-O stretching vibration of PO3(2-) group in Z-dGMP, respectively.

Drug resistance reversal, anti-mutagenicity and antiretroviral effect of phthalimido- and chloroethyl-phenothiazines.

The effect of substituted phenothiazines was studied in three different systems; bacteria and cancer cells and reverse transcriptase enzyme of Moloney leukemia virus. F'lac and hemolysin plasmids were eliminated by some substituted phenothiazines from E. coli at a very low frequency.

Relationship between biological activity and dipole moment in benzo[a]phenothiazines.

Relationship between the biological activity and two different dipole moments were investigated in 9 benzo[a]phenothiazines [1-8] by calculating the dipole moment with the PM3 method. 12H-Benzo[a]phenothiazine [1], 9-methyl-12H-benzo[a]phenothiazine [2], 10-methyl-12H-benzo[a]phenothiazine[3] and 11-methyl-12H-benzo[a]phenothiazine [4] induced monocytic differentiation of human myelogenous leukemic cell lines and displayed antitumor activity. These active compounds showed a significantly smaller value of calculated ground-state dipole moment (mu g) and larger value of first excited-state dipole moment (mu e).

Effect of consumption of whole milk and skim milk on blood lipid profiles in healthy men.

A controlled crossover feeding study was conducted in eight males aged 20-36 y to compare the effects of skim milk and whole milk on blood lipids. For 6-wk diet periods, 236 mL/4191 kJ of skim or whole milk was consumed with a background diet designed according to the American Heart Association recommendations. Plasma lipids were analyzed at baseline and at 3 and 6 wk.

Effects of shellfish consumption on lipoproteins in normolipidemic men.

Eighteen normolipidemic males were fed six different species of shellfish; each shellfish was fed so that protein in shellfish equalled that in animal foods in the normal diet, with less than one-half of the amount of fat in animal foods allowed for preparation of the shellfish. Oyster, clam, crab, and mussel diets, low in cholesterol and high in n-3 fatty acids, lowered VLDL triglycerides and cholesterol and, except for the mussel diet, LDL and total cholesterol. Squid and shrimp diets, higher in cholesterol and lower in n-3 fatty acids, did not change the blood lipids.

Vitamins and cancer prevention. How much do we know?

Foods rich in vitamins, especially those containing beta carotene and vitamin C, lower the risk of cancer in humans. Whether vitamins alone are responsible for this reduced risk is not known. They may work synergistically with increased dietary fiber and decreased fat intake.

The effect of the hydrolytic state of dietary protein on post-irradiation morbidity and mucosal cell regeneration.

Diets containing hydrolyzed casein have been observed to enhance post-irradiation intestinal mucosal recovery. The intake and the composition of such diets were not carefully controlled. This study attempted to do so.

Vitamin C and cancer. How convincing a connection?

More research is needed to draw definitive conclusions on the relationship between vitamin C intake and cancer, but the following general statements can be made. The effectiveness of megadoses (greater than 1 gm/day) of vitamin C for the cure or prevention of cancer is still unproven; in fact, the safety of megadoses is still in question. Therefore, they are not recommended for the general public at present and, if used at all, should be used under medical supervision.

Plasma fatty acids of marrow transplant recipients on fat-supplemented parenteral nutrition.

The study was conducted to determine the adequacy of fat infusion in preventing essential fatty acid deficiency during parenteral feeding. Eight adult patients receiving marrow transplantation for the treatment of leukemia were studied. Total daily intravenous and oral calorie and fat intakes were monitored.

Plasma fatty acid patterns of bone marrow transplant patients primarily supported by fat-free parenteral nutrition.

Oral food tolerance is compromised by drug and radiation therapy administered to patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation for hematological malignancy or aplastic anemia. Resultant decreases in oral fat intake coincident with fat-free parenteral nutrition may predispose patients to essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency. Determinations were made of the fatty acid composition of plasma total lipid from 20 bone marrow transplant patients on admission, at the time of bone marrow transplant, and on days 7, 14, 30, and 60 post-bone marrow transplant.

Effect of dietary egg on serum cholesterol and triglyceride of human males.

One hundred fourteen male volunteers (mean age 44.6 years) consumed one whole egg daily in their customary diets for 3 months. Their final serum cholesterol (SCHOL) and triglycerides (STG) levels were compared with their initial levels on customary free choice diets and also with their levels after a 3-month elimination of dietary whole eggs.

Pathological changes associated with dietary protein deficiency in guinea pigs.

Feeding a protein deficient diet containing corn and beans as the protein source for 100 days produced marked malnutrition in guinea pigs. The organs most affected were the liver, pancreas, and testis. Some of the clinical and histological manifestations included growth retardation, atrophy of the liver, decreased number and size of islets of Langerhans, and sterility in male animals.

The time course of metabolic changes induced by dietary cholesterol in guinea pigs.

The time course of the effects of dietary cholesterol on the lipid composition of liver, plasma and red cells of guinea pigs, of the pathological changes of tissues and of hematological parameters was studied. The purpose was to identify the primary injury and so to contribute to the eludication of the mechanism(s) for the development of the hemolytic anemia observed in this species after long-term cholesterol supplementation. The results showed that the initial effects observed within 1 week occur in the liver lipids and histology accompanied by changes in plasma and RBC lipids.

Some nutrient interrelations during total intravenous alimentation in adult man--a review.

Selected aspects of total parenteral nutrition in man are reviewed with emphasis on carbohydrate, lipid, and hormonal interactions. In an experiment to test for the essentiality of a specific amino acid, a normal adult man received all major and minor nutrients, except lipids, by intravenous alimentation for 48 days. A chemical deficiency of essential fatty acids without clinical symptoms was promptly observed in four plasma lipid fractions and the phospholipid fraction of erythrocytes.