Clinical, Histologic, and Immunophenotypic Features of Serrated Polyps in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Colorectal serrated polyps (SP), which include hyperplastic polyps (HP), sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/P), and traditional serrated adenomas, are not uncommon and have been implicated to play a role in the pathogenesis in a subset of sporadic colorectal carcinomas; however, their significance in patients with prolonged inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear.

Methods: We retrospectively studied the clinicopathologic features, BRAF and β-catenin immunohistochemistry staining patterns in 36 SPs from 28 patients with IBD compared with 40 SPs in patients without IBD.

Results: Eleven SSA/Ps and 25 HPs from IBD and site-matched controls were included.

Definition of Barrett Esophagus in the United States: Support for Retention of a Requirement for Goblet Cells.

Barrett esophagus (BE) predisposes patients to the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, the global definition of BE is controversial. Pathologists in Europe and the United States require intestinal metaplasia (IM) within columnar-lined mucosa (CLM) in the tubular esophagus to diagnose BE, whereas in the UK and Japan only the presence of CLM is required.

Ipilimumab-Induced Enteritis without Colitis: A New Challenge.

Introduction: Ipilimumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), approved to treat metastatic melanoma. It was the first therapy shown to prolong survival in a large, randomized clinical trial. However, immune-related adverse events are common and can be severe.

Clinicopathologic features of breast cancers that develop in women with previous benign breast disease.

Background: Women with benign breast disease (BBD) have an increased risk of developing breast cancer (BC). Nearly 30% of all BCs develop in women with prior BBD. Information regarding features of the expected number of BCs after BBD would enhance individualized surveillance and prevention strategies for these women.

Normothermic extracorporeal liver perfusion for donation after cardiac death (DCD) livers.

Background: The susceptibility of extended criteria livers to ischemia reperfusion injury is a major obstacle in organ cold preservation. Normothermic extracorporeal liver perfusion (NELP) has been investigated to reduce ischemic damage, restore physiologic function, and assess viability of the liver prior to transplant. The goal of this study is to compare physiological parameters of livers maintained continuously on NELP to those preserved in cold solution.

Inter- and intra-observer variability in the classification of extracapsular extension in p16 positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma nodal metastases.

Objective: Discern inter- and intra-observer variability in the classification of extracapsular extension (ECE) in p16+ oropharyngeal (OP) SCC comparing pathologists' own criteria versus those of a well-defined classification system.

Methods: Five pathologists reviewed 50 digitally scanned nodal metastasis slides in three Rounds. Round One was by their own criteria as ECE present or absent, and Rounds Two and Three were with a defined ECE system: Grade 0 (no ECE), 0c (no ECE - thick capsule; no infiltration), 1 (ECE - cells beyond capsule), and 2 (soft tissue metastasis - cells in soft tissue without residual node).

TP53 mutations, tetraploidy and homologous recombination repair defects in early stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

To determine early somatic changes in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), we performed whole genome sequencing on a rare collection of 16 low stage HGSOCs. The majority showed extensive structural alterations (one had an ultramutated profile), exhibited high levels of p53 immunoreactivity, and harboured a TP53 mutation, deletion or inactivation. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations were observed in two tumors, with nine showing evidence of a homologous recombination (HR) defect.

Model for individualized prediction of breast cancer risk after a benign breast biopsy.

Purpose: Optimal early detection and prevention for breast cancer depend on accurate identification of women at increased risk. We present a risk prediction model that incorporates histologic features of biopsy tissues from women with benign breast disease (BBD) and compare its performance to the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (BCRAT).

Methods: We estimated the age-specific incidence of breast cancer and death from the Mayo BBD cohort and then combined these estimates with a relative risk model derived from 377 patient cases with breast cancer and 734 matched controls sampled from the Mayo BBD cohort to develop the BBD-to-breast cancer (BBD-BC) risk assessment tool.

Assessment of published models and prognostic variables in epithelial ovarian cancer at Mayo Clinic.

Objectives: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is an aggressive disease in which first line therapy consists of a surgical staging/debulking procedure and platinum based chemotherapy. There is significant interest in clinically applicable, easy to use prognostic tools to estimate risk of recurrence and overall survival. In this study we used a large prospectively collected cohort of women with EOC to validate currently published models and assess prognostic variables.

Sclerosing adenosis and risk of breast cancer.

Over one million American women have a benign breast biopsy annually. Sclerosing adenosis (SA) is a common, but poorly understood benign breast lesion demonstrating increased numbers of distorted lobules accompanied by stromal fibrosis. Few studies of its association with breast cancer have been conducted, with contradictory results.

Understanding the premalignant potential of atypical hyperplasia through its natural history: a longitudinal cohort study.

Atypical hyperplasia is a high-risk premalignant lesion of the breast, but its biology is poorly understood. Many believe that atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) is a direct precursor for low-grade ductal breast cancer, whereas atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) serves as a risk indicator. These assumptions underlie current clinical recommendations.