Investigations on full-Heusler alloys MnTaAl and MnWAl for spintronic and thermoelectric applications.

Half-metallic materials are widely used as spintronic devices such as electrodes, magnetic tunneling junction, and giant magnetoresistance. In this work, we have systematically investigated the structural stability, Gilbert damping, electronic structure, and magnetism together with exchange interactions and Curie temperatures for MnTaAl and MnWAl alloys. Initially, we estimate their structural stability and offer possible phase synthesis.

Molecular Dynamics of the Davies Ambimodal C-H Functionalization/Cope Rearrangement Reaction.

The mechanism of the dirhodium-catalyzed combined C-H functionalization/Cope rearrangement (CH/Cope) reaction discovered by the Davies group has been investigated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations and quasi-classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Computations from the Davies group previously showed that there is a post-transition state bifurcation leading to a direct CH reaction and also to the CH/Cope product. While this work was in preparation, the Tantillo group and the Ess group independently reported quantum mechanical and molecular dynamics studies on the dirhodium-tetracarboxylate-catalyzed diazoester CH/Cope and CH insertion reactions with 1,3-cyclohexadiene and 1,4-cyclohexadiene, respectively.

A Nanopore-sequenced high-quality genome of the strain Bo-1.

Brown spot disease of rice caused by results in severe yield losses. A high-quality genome was assembled using Nanopore sequencing data, resulting in a 36-Mb nuclear genome with 19 contigs and a mitogenome. This assembly provides valuable genetic resources for investigations of rice- interactions.

Upregulated expression of ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 promotes PKM2 nuclear translocation and astrocyte activation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Reactive astrocytes play critical roles in the occurrence of various neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Activation of astrocytes is often accompanied by a glycolysis-dominant metabolic switch. However, the role and molecular mechanism of metabolic reprogramming in activation of astrocytes have not been clarified.

A human commensal-pathogenic fungus suppresses host immunity via targeting TBK1.

Candida albicans stably colonizes humans but is the leading cause of hospital-acquired fungemia. Traditionally, masking immunogenic moieties has been viewed as a tactic for immune evasion. Here, we demonstrate that C.

Isoliquiritigenin alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by modulating inflammatory and neuroprotective reactive astrocytes.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that poses significant treatment challenges. Currently, it is believed that inflammatory and neuroprotective reactive astrocytes, along with other resident CNS cells and immune cells, contribute to the pathophysiology of MS. In our study, we found that isoliquiritigenin (ILG), a bioactive chalcone compound, significantly reduces the clinical scores of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by 44 % (P < 0.

Daphnetin protects neurons in an Alzheimer disease mouse model and normal rat neurons by inhibiting BACE1 activity and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

The common neurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by memory dysfunction and cognitive decline in the elderly. Neuropathological features include aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in the brain. Daphnetin (DAPH), a natural coumarin derivative, has the potential for inhibiting inflammatory and oxidative responses.

Expression profile and immunomodulatory roles of methionine-enkephalin and delta opioid receptor in Octopus ocellatus.

In this study, the expressions and distributions of methionine-enkephalin (Met-enk) and δ opioid receptor in the nervous system of Octopus ocellatus, and the immune regulatory mechanisms of Met-enk on O. ocellatus were explored. The distributions and expressions of Met-enk and δ opioid receptor were assessed by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Associations between temporal eating patterns and body composition in young adults: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the associations between body composition and temporal eating patterns, including time of first eating occasion, time of last eating occasion, eating window, and eating jet lag (the variability in meal timing between weekdays and weekends).

Methods: A total of 131 participants were included in the study. Temporal eating pattern information was collected through consecutive 7-day eat timing questionnaires and photographic food records.

Multiscale Synergistic Gecko-Inspired Adhesive for Stable Adhesion under Varying Preload and Surface Roughness.

Inspired by geckos, fibrillar microstructures hold great promise as controllable and reversible adhesives in the engineering field. However, enhancing the adhesion strength and stability of gecko-inspired adhesives (GIAs) under complex real-world contact conditions, such as rough surfaces and varying force fields, is crucial for its commercialization, yet further research is lacking. Here, we propose a hierarchically designed GIA, which features a silicone foam (SF) backing layer and a film-terminated fibrillar microstructure under a subtle multiscale design.

Wogonoside alleviates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling axis after spinal cord injury.

Wogonoside (WG) is a natural flavonoid extracted from Scutellariae Radix, recognized for its established anti-inflammatory properties. However, the role of WG in the context of neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI) remains inadequately elucidated. This study employed in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methodologies to investigate the impact of WG on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after SCI.

Differential gene expression and miRNA regulatory network in coronary slow flow.

Coronary slow flow (CSF) is characterized by slow progression of coronary angiography without epicardial stenosis. The aim of this study was to explore the potential biomarkers and regulatory mechanism for CSF. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 3 cases of CSF and 3 healthy controls were collected for high-throughput sequencing of mRNA and miRNA, respectively.

The prognostic values of estimating intraperitoneal pressure in the occurrence of abdominal wall complications in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Background: Increased intraperitoneal pressure is associated with abdominal wall complications and technical failure of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Several equations have been developed to estimate intraperitoneal pressure. We aimed to assess the prognostic yield of the intraperitoneal pressure as estimated by current equations on the occurrence of abdominal wall complications in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Polyphonic sound event localization and detection based on Multiple Attention Fusion ResNet.

Sound event localization and detection have been applied in various fields. Due to the polyphony and noise interference, it becomes challenging to accurately predict the sound event and their occurrence locations. Aiming at this problem, we propose a Multiple Attention Fusion ResNet, which uses ResNet34 as the base network.

High preseason temperature variability drives convergence of xylem phenology in the Northern Hemisphere conifers.

Wood growth is key to understanding the feedback of forest ecosystems to the ongoing climate warming. An increase in spatial synchrony (i.e.

Interguild fungal competition in litter and soil inversely modulate microbial necromass accumulation during Loess Plateau forest succession.

Microbial interactions determine ecosystem carbon (C) and nutrient cycling, yet it remains unclear how interguild fungal interactions modulate microbial residue contribution to soil C pools (SOC) during forest succession. Here, we present a region-wide investigation of the relative dominance of saprophytic versus symbiotic fungi in litter and soil compartments, exploring their linkages to soil microbial residue pools and potential drivers along a chronosequence of secondary Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) forests on the Loess Plateau. Despite minor changes in C and nitrogen (N) stocks in the litter or soil layers across successional stages, we found significantly lower soil phosphorus (P) stocks, higher ratios of soil C: N, soil N: P and soil C: P but lower ratios of litter C: N and litter C: P in old (>75 years) than young stands (<30 years).

The transcription factor Ofi1 is critical for white-opaque switching in natural MTLa/α isolates of Candida albicans.

Candida albicans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, is able to switch between two distinct cell types: white and opaque. While white-to-opaque switching is typically repressed by the a1/α2 heterodimer in MTLa/α cells, it was recently reported that switching can also occur in some natural MTLa/α strains under certain environmental conditions. However, the regulatory program governing white-opaque switching in MTLa/α cells is not fully understood.