Transcriptome-Based Revelation of the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Hepatic Metabolic Rhythms in Tibetan Sheep ().

Sleep deprivation (SD) disrupts circadian rhythms; however, its effects on SD and the mechanisms involved require further investigation. Previous studies on SD were mainly conducted on rodents, such as mice, with few studies on its effects on the liver of large diurnal animals, such as sheep. In this study, we used a Tibetan sheep model for the first time to investigate the effects of SD on the liver by exposing Tibetan sheep () to 7 days of SD (6 h/day) and performed transcriptome sequencing analysis on liver samples taken at 4 h intervals over 24 h.

Comparative Proteomic Identification of Ram Sperm before and after In Vitro Capacitation.

Ram sperm undergo a sequence of physiological and biochemical changes collectively termed as capacitation to perform oocyte fertilization. However, the protein changes induced by capacitation remain in need of further exploration. Thus, the present study investigated the comparative proteomic profiling in ram spermatozoa under non-capacitating (NC) and capacitating (CAP) conditions in vitro using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with tandem mass tag labeling strategy.

Identification of Biomarkers Affecting Cryopreservation Recovery Ratio in Ram Spermatozoa Using Tandem Mass Tags (TMT)-Based Quantitative Proteomics Approach.

Sperm proteins play vital roles in improving sperm freezing resilience in domestic animals. However, it remains poorly defined which proteins regulate the freezing resilience of spermatozoa in rams (). Here, we compared the proteome of ram sperm with a high cryopreservation recovery ratio (HCR) with that of ram sperm with a low cryopreservation recovery ratio (LCR) using a tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics approach.

TMT-Based Comparative Proteomic Analysis of the Spermatozoa of Buck (Capra hircus) and Ram (Ovis aries).

Spermatozoa are unique cells that carry a library of proteins that regulate the functions of molecules to achieve functional capabilities. Currently, large amounts of protein have been identified in spermatozoa from different species using proteomic approaches. However, the proteome characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of spermatozoa in bucks versus rams have not been fully unraveled.

Microbiome-Metabolome Reveals the Contribution of the Gut-Testis Axis to Sperm Motility in Sheep ().

A close association exists among testicular function, gut microbiota regulation, and organismal metabolism. In this study, serum and seminal plasma metabolomes, and the rumen microbiome of sheep with significant differences in sperm viability, were explored. Serum and seminal plasma metabolomes differed significantly between high-motility (HM) and low-motility (LM) groups of sheep, and 39 differential metabolites closely related to sperm motility in sheep were found in seminal plasma metabolomes, while 35 were found in serum samples.

Changes on proteomic and metabolomic profiling of cryopreserved sperm effected by melatonin.

Cryopreservation may reduce sperm fertility due to cryodamage including physical-chemical and oxidative stress damages. As a powerful antioxidant, melatonin has been reported to improve cryoprotective effect of sperm. However, the molecular mechanism of melatonin on cryopreserved ram sperm hasn't been fully understand.

Unsupervised landmark detection and classification of lung infection using transporter neural networks.

Supervised deep learning techniques have been very popular in medical imaging for various tasks of classification, segmentation, and object detection. However, they require a large number of labelled data which is expensive and requires many hours of careful annotation by experts. In this paper, an unsupervised transporter neural network framework with an attention mechanism is proposed to automatically identify relevant landmarks with applications in lung ultrasound (LUS) imaging.

Unsupervised Multi-Latent Space RL Framework for Video Summarization in Ultrasound Imaging.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for a tool to speed up triage in ultrasound scans and provide clinicians with fast access to relevant information. To this end, we propose a new unsupervised reinforcement learning (RL) framework with novel rewards to facilitate unsupervised learning by avoiding tedious and impractical manual labelling for summarizing ultrasound videos. The proposed framework is capable of delivering video summaries with classification labels and segmentations of key landmarks which enhances its utility as a triage tool in the emergency department (ED) and for use in telemedicine.

The Medial and Posterior Compression of the Distal Femoral Vein: An Underused Approach to Detect Venous Thrombosis.

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Quantitative pleural line characterization outperforms traditional lung texture ultrasound features in detection of COVID-19.

Background And Objective: Lung ultrasound is an inherently user-dependent modality that could benefit from quantitative image analysis. In this pilot study we evaluate the use of computer-based pleural line (p-line) ultrasound features in comparison to traditional lung texture (TLT) features to test the hypothesis that p-line thickening and irregularity are highly suggestive of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and can be used to improve the disease diagnosis on lung ultrasound.

Methods: Twenty lung ultrasound images, including normal and COVID-19 cases, were used for quantitative analysis.

Multi-organ point-of-care ultrasound for COVID-19 (PoCUS4COVID): international expert consensus.

COVID-19 has caused great devastation in the past year. Multi-organ point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) including lung ultrasound (LUS) and focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) as a clinical adjunct has played a significant role in triaging, diagnosis and medical management of COVID-19 patients. The expert panel from 27 countries and 6 continents with considerable experience of direct application of PoCUS on COVID-19 patients presents evidence-based consensus using GRADE methodology for the quality of evidence and an expedited, modified-Delphi process for the strength of expert consensus.

Proteomic characterization and comparison of ram (Ovis aries) and buck (Capra hircus) spermatozoa proteome using a data independent acquisition mass spectometry (DIA-MS) approach.

Fresh semen is most commonly used in an artificial insemination of small ruminants, because of low fertility rates of frozen sperm. Generally, when developing and applying assisted reproductive technologies, sheep and goats are classified as one species. In order to optimize sperm cryopreservation protocols in sheep and goat, differences in sperm proteomes between ram and buck are necessary to investigate, which may contribute to differences in function and fertility of spermatozoa.

Identification of proteomic markers for ram spermatozoa motility using a tandem mass tag (TMT) approach.

Sperm motility is crucial for ram fertility; however, differences in the proteome of sperm with high- and low- motility in rams (Ovis aries) has yet to be achieved. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify and characterize ram spermatozoa proteins with different abundances between high- and low- motility, and identify of proteomic markers for ram spermatozoa motility using tandem mass tag (TMT) protein labeling and LC-MS/MS. In this study, the abundance of 150 proteins in high-motility (HM) ram sperm was significantly different compared with low-motility (LM) sperm.