Critical course of the anterior laryngeal branch of the inferior laryngeal nerve.

Background: Although in the past few authors stated that the nerve penetrated the ligament of Berry, many new authors have not confirmed this assertion. Because of the clinical importance and indefiniteness of this subject, we aimed to present an anatomical study concerning the course of the inferior laryngeal nerve.

Method: In 60 specimens, 102 sides were examined for this project, including 41 male and 19 female cadavers between the ages of 40 and 89 years at death.

Short-term effects of problem-based learning curriculum on students' self-directed skills development.

Aim: To investigate short-term effects of problem-based learning on students' scientific thinking, problem solving, and conflict resolution skills.

Methods: The study was conducted in two medical schools, Ondokuz Mayis University in Samsun and Trakya University in Edirne, Turkey. The two schools used different instructional approaches in educational methods: Ondokuz Mayis University followed a problem-based learning curriculum and Trakya University a traditional didactic curriculum.

Laryngeal branching pattern of the inferior laryngeal nerve, before entering the larynx.

The objective of the present work was to investigate the laryngeal branching pattern of the inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN) in detail before the branches entered the larynx. In 49 specimens 96 sides were examined for this project, including 27 males and 22 female cadavers. In 7 sides (7.

Arterial variations of the upper extremities.

During the dissection of the right and left upper limbs of a 70-year-old female cadaver, we encountered combined vascular anomalies. On the left side, we observed the presence of a lateral inferior superficial brachial artery, large anterior interosseous artery and an absence of a radial artery, which is quite a rare anomaly. The lateral inferior superficial brachial artery that arose 39 mm distal to the brachial artery descended to the wrist.

Central nervous system tumors in patients under three years of age: treatment results of a single institute.

Eighty-six patients under 3 years of age with central nervous system tumors were retrospectively analyzed between 1972 and 2003. Surgical resection was done in all patients except for those with optic glioma, pons glioma and pineal tumor. Three different chemotherapy regimens were used in different time periods.

Anatomic configurations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior thyroid artery.

Background: Although much attention has been given to the protection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery, cases of nerve injury are still reported occasionally in the literature. In the current study I aimed to describe variable relationships between the recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior thyroid artery, and also document my findings in the form of high-resolution photographs.

Methods: Fifty specimens (100 sides) were examined for this project, including 36 male and 14 female cadavers between the ages of 38 and 87 years at death.

Detailed investigation of the relationship between the inferior laryngeal nerve including laryngeal branches and ligament of Berry.

Background: Studies about the anatomic relationship between the inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN) and the ligament of Berry are insufficient, despite controversy in the literature. In addition, the relationship between the laryngeal branches of the ILN and the ligament of Berry has not been investigated.

Study Design: Sixty specimens (120 sides) were examined for this study, including 41 male and 19 female cadavers between the ages of 40 and 89 years at death.

Primary malignant skin tumors in children: etiology, treatment and prognosis.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the etiology, treatment and prognosis of the malignant skin tumors in children.

Methods: Twenty-one patients who had been diagnosed with malignant skin tumors between 1972 and 2003 were retrospectively analyzed. Age range was 0.

Some variations of the musculus flexor digitorum brevis.

The aim of the present study was to investigate variations of the musculus flexor digitorum brevis. We examined 33 feet in total from 15 embalmed adult cadavers and three lower extremities. Of the 33 feet examined, 18 differed from the classical description given in anatomical textbooks.

The extensor indicis et medii communis.

The aim of this study was to examine the existence of the extensor indicis et medii communis in detail. Thirty-one randomly selected adult cadavers (62 upper extremities) were examined for this project (22 males and 9 females between the ages 38 and 87). The muscle was observed in 3 of 62 hands, an incidence of 4.

Primary testicular Burkitt lymphoma in a child.

A 13-year-old boy was referred to the authors' hospital following a right inguinal orchiectomy for a right scrotal mass. Histopathological examination revealed Burkitt lymphoma. The left testis was found to be small with heterogeneous parenchyma by scrotal ultrasound (US) and other systemic investigations were negative for lymphoma involvement.

Discitis following lumbar puncture in non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Discitis in children is a rare disorder of intervertebral disc and vertebral end plate. Infection or trauma, like lumbar puncture, may be the possible causes. Low-back pain and gait disturbance are the main symptoms.

Vascular anatomy of normal and undescended testes: surgical assessment of anastomotic channels between testicular and deferential arteries.

Objectives: To demonstrate the vascular anatomy of the normal and undescended testes, emphasizing the surgical importance of the anastomotic channels between the testicular and deferential arteries in the undescended testis.

Methods: This study was performed on four normal testes obtained from adult cadavers and the undescended testes taken from men undergoing unilateral orchiectomy. To show the arteries and their connections, we used the injection-corrosion casting technique.

Treatment results of 84 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood.

Background: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, treatment regimens, survival, and late complications in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Procedure: Eighty-four patients diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma between 1972 and 2002 were retrospectively evaluated. Tumor status, lymph node involvement, metastasis, and stage were assessed according to the TNM classification.

Intracranial involvement in Hodgkin's disease.

The authors report 3 cases of Hodgkin's disease with intracranial involvement. The patients were 4, 12, and 15 years old (male/female=1/2). Initially, they were treated with ABVD or COPP chemotherapies and low-dose involved field radiotherapy.

Development of pemphigus vulgaris in a patient with vitiligo and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune blistering disease. An association of pemphigus vulgaris with vitiligo or Hashimoto's thyroiditis has not been reported before. We reported a 38 yr-old female patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and vitiligo who eventually developed pemphigus vulgaris on vitiliginous lesions.

Serum interleukin-8 as a serologic marker of activity in Behçet's disease.

Background: Immune dysregulation has been shown to be one of the major aspects of the yet unknown pathogenesis of Behçet's disease. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a major chemokine with pivotal effects concerning leukocytes and endothelial cells, has been found to be elevated in patients with Behçet's disease.

Aim: To evaluate the significance of elevated levels of IL-8 with respect to the activity of Behçet's disease.

Using progenitor strain information to identify quantitative trait nucleotides in outbred mice.

We have developed a fast and economical strategy for dissecting the genetic architecture of quantitative trait loci at a molecular level. The method uses two pieces of information: mapping data from crosses that involve more than two inbred strains and sequence variants in the progenitor strains within the interval containing a quantitative trait locus (QTL). By testing whether the strain distribution pattern in the progenitor strains is consistent with the observed genetic effect of the QTL we can assign a probability that any sequence variant is a quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN).

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma in a child presenting with cutaneous nodules and blisters.

A 13-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with a one-month history of bullous skin lesions. Physical examination revealed ulcerated and nonulcerated cutaneous plaques, bullae, enlarged cervical and supraclavicular lymph nodes and hepatomegaly. In another hospital, histopathological diagnosis of a skin biopsy was reported to be consistent with tuberculosis and she was treated with antimycobacterial drugs.

Paratesticular metastasis from Wilms tumor associated with a hydrocele.

Metastatic sites other than the lungs, lymph nodes, and liver are unusual for Wilms tumor (WT). Intra-scrotal metastasis is very rare. We report a 3-year-old boy with stage IIA WT, who experienced paratesticular metastasis 2 months after surgery for an abdominal recurrence.

Which anthropometric measurements is most closely related to elevated blood pressure?

Background: Epidemiological studies find a progressive increase in the prevalence of elevated blood pressure with increasing adipose tissue. But there is no common opinion about which effectiveness of the anthropometric measurement tools indicating general or android obesity are most important to follow up in patients with elevated blood pressures.

Objectives: To identify which anthropometric measurements are most closely related to blood pressure elevation.

The morphometric analysis of the central retinal artery.

In this study, we aimed to investigate some features of the central retinal artery (CRA), which supplies the internal aspect of the retina. The CRA is the main vessel supplying blood to the retina. The origin, course and penetration point of the optic nerve by the CRA were studied in 30 human orbits.