A Clinico-Pathological Study of Vulvo-Vaginal Disease at a Nigerian Tertiary Health Facility.

Introduction: The vulva and vagina are of great significance to womanhood owing to the myriads of specialized functions they perform. The diseases of this organ have physical, social, mental, and psychological ramifications. The aim of this work is to study the pathological pattern and clinical presentation of diseases of the vulva and vagina at the Department of Anatomical Pathology and Forensic Medicine of the Jos University Teaching Hospital between 1st January 2011 and December 31st, 2020.

Group cell phones are feasible and acceptable for promoting optimal breastfeeding practices in a women's microcredit program in Nigeria.

As part of a breastfeeding promotion intervention trial in Nigeria, we provided one cell phone per group of 5-7 microcredit clients and instructed the group's cell phone recipient to share weekly breastfeeding voice and text messages with group members. We measured the feasibility and acceptability of using group cell phones by conducting semi-structured exit interviews with 195 microcredit clients whose babies were born during the intervention (target group), in-depth interviews with eight phone recipients and nine non-phone recipients, and 16 focus group discussions with other microcredit clients. Women in the target group said the group phone worked well or very well (64%).

Sarcomas in Nigerian Children in Jos North Central Nigeria.

Background: There is a growing concern about childhood sarcomas, with recent studies suggesting an increase in the frequency of childhood sarcomas in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was carried out to determine the pattern of childhood sarcomas in Jos, North Central Nigeria and to compare the data obtained with other previous related studies.

Methods: Review of the Jos University Teaching Hospital cancer registry from January 2001 to December 2010.

Ontogeny and nutritional programming of mitochondrial proteins in the ovine kidney, liver and lung.

This study investigated the developmental and nutritional programming of two important mitochondrial proteins, namely voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and cytochrome c, in the sheep kidney, liver and lung. The effect of maternal nutrient restriction between early and mid-gestation (i.e.

Different effects of maternal parity, cold exposure and nutrient restriction in late pregnancy on the abundance of mitochondrial proteins in the kidney, liver and lung of postnatal sheep.

Adaptation to the extrauterine environment at birth relies upon the onset of postnatal function and increased metabolism in the lungs, liver and kidney, mediated partly by activation of mitochondrial proteins such as the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), cytochrome c and, in the lung only, uncoupling protein (UCP)2. The magnitude of adaptation is dependent on the maternal metabolic and endocrine environment. We, therefore, examined the influence of maternal cold exposure (MCE) induced by winter shearing of pregnant sheep in conjunction with nutrient restriction (NR; 50% reduction in maternal food intake from 110 days gestation up to term).

Ontogeny and nutritional programming of uncoupling protein-2 and glucocorticoid receptor mRNA in the ovine lung.

This study investigated the developmental and nutritional programming of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11betaHSD1) mRNA in the sheep lung from the time of uterine attachment to 6 months of age. The effect of maternal nutrient restriction on lung development was determined in early to mid gestation (i.e.

Ontogeny and nutritional manipulation of mitochondrial protein abundance in adipose tissue and the lungs of postnatal sheep.

The present study examined the ontogeny of mitochondrial protein abundance in adipose tissue and lungs over the first month of life in the sheep and the extent to which this may be altered by maternal undernutrition during the final month of gestation. The ontogeny of uncoupling protein (UCP), voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and cytochrome c abundance were determined in adipose tissue and lungs sampled from near-term fetuses and young sheep aged 4 h, 1, 7 and 30 d. In adipose tissue, the abundance of UCP1, VDAC and cytochrome c all peaked at 1 d of age and then decreased by 30 d of age, at which stage the brown adipose tissue-specific UCP1 was no longer detectable but UCP2 was clearly abundant.

Molecular typing methods for Neisseria meningitidis.

Neisseria meningitidis is an important pathogen because it causes life-threatening infections. The rapid course of meningococcal disease and the capacity of some serogroups to cause large-scale epidemics necessitates the use of sensitive, reliable and rapid typing methods to characterise strains. Molecular typing techniques for N.

In vitro activities of meropenem and other antimicrobial agents against British meningococcal isolates.

The in vitro activity of meropenem was compared with those of penicillin, ampicillin, cefuroxime, cetriaxone, cefotaxime, rifampicin, chloramphenicol, sulphadiazine and ciprofloxacin against 121 British meningococcal isolates by a microdilution method in Mueller-Hinton broth and by the E test. All meningococcal strains were susceptible to the agents except for ampicillin (88.4%), penicillin (88.

Influence of maternal bodyweight on size, conformation and survival of newborn lambs.

Although body condition score was not significantly different between light (<55 kg, n = 6) and heavy (> or =60 kg, n = 7) ewes at mating, it declined between Day 30 and Day 90 of gestation in light but not heavy ewes, and remained lower up to term. All ewes bore twins, delivered near term (Days 144-146) by Caesarean section. One lamb was immediately placed into a warm (30 degrees C; WD) and its twin into a cool (15 degrees C; CD) ambient temperature, and tissues were sampled at 0.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of penicillin-sensitive and penicillin-resistant meningococci.

Ceftriaxone showed high in-vitro activity against 119 penicillin-sensitive, penicillin-resistant and rifampicin-resistant UK isolates of meningococci. Unlike ciprofloxacin and minocycline, ceftriaxone is suitable for use in young children or in pregnancy and should be considered for therapy or prophylaxis in an outbreak of meningococcal disease. The E test gave results comparable to those given by broth microdilution method in the determination of meningococcal susceptibility to antimicrobials.

Epidemiological evaluation of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

Genomic DNA from 25 strains of serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis was subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after digestion with Spe I. N. meningitidis genomic DNA displayed considerable diversity.

Molecular epidemiology of recent United Kingdom isolates of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C.

The genomes of 34 recent United Kingdom isolates of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C were examined by restriction enzyme digestion and by conventional and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Strains were assigned to groups on the basis of the Dice similarity coefficient; strains with values of > 92% were considered to be clonally related. Twelve clones were identified by PFGE.

Molecular characterization of rifampin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis.

Primers were designed to amplify the rpoB gene of Neisseria meningitidis. The region of the gene amplified covered clusters I and II of the rifampin resistance (Rifr) mutation sites identified in Escherichia coli. DNAs from six Rifr isolates and 21 rifampin-susceptible isolates from the United Kingdom representing a number of serogroups were amplified and sequenced.

Production of a mannose-resistant fibrillar haemagglutinin by strains of Escherichia coli of EPEC serotype O111:H12.

Two strains of Escherichia coli of serotype O111:H12 produced a mannose-resistant haemagglutinin (MREHA) of Duguid's pattern 7 that reacted strongly with the red cells of ox and sheep. These strains also adhered to HEp2-epithelial cells and formed fibrillae demonstrable by negative staining and immunogold labelling.

The haemagglutinins and fimbriae of Proteus penneri.

The haemagglutinins and fimbriae produced by 18 strains of Proteus penneri were studied and compared with those formed by representative strains of other species of Proteeae. After repeated subcultures at 30 degrees C, 12 P. penneri strains formed only MR/K haemagglutinins which were associated with thin, non-channelled, type-3 fimbriae.

Immunological and genetical relatedness of type-1 and type-2 fimbriae in salmonellas of serotypes Gallinarum, Pullorum and Typhimurium.

The fimbriae of 50 strains of serotype Gallinarum and 35 strains of serotype Pullorum of the genus Salmonella were compared with the type-1 fimbriae of serotype Typhimurium strains by immune electron microscopy and dot blot hybridization tests with gene probes for type-1 fimbriation in Typhimurium. The fimbriae of Gallinarum and Pullorum strains were coated with Typhimurium type-1 fimbrial antiserum and probes hybridized strongly with DNA of Gallinarum and Pullorum strains under stringent conditions. Furthermore, when Typhimurium type-1 fimbrial antiserum, that had been absorbed with fimbriate Gallinarum or Pullorum bacteria, was used in immune gold labelling experiments, it was shown that residual antibody recognized sites of possible adhesin incorporation at intervals along the length of Typhimurium type-1 fimbriae.

Characterisation of a fimbrial, mannose-resistant and eluting haemagglutinin (MREHA) produced by strains of Salmonella of serotype Sendai.

Strains of Salmonella of serotype Sendai, producing a mannose-resistant and eluting haemagglutinin (MREHA) when cultured at 37 degrees C but not at 18 degrees C, were examined by electronmicroscopy after negative staining. Production of this MREHA, previously thought to be nonfimbrial, was correlated with the presence of thick fimbriae with an external diameter of 13.6 nm.

Some strains of Escherichia coli of putative enteroadherent-aggregative serotypes produce an unusual fibrillar haemagglutinin.

Two strains of Escherichia coli that formed on unusual kind of mannose-resistant and eluting haemagglutinin (MREHA) reacting with the red blood cells of rat and mouse, when cultured at 37 degrees C but not at 18 degrees C, were examined by electron microscopy. Production of this rare rodent-positive MREHA was correlated with the presence of fine fibrillae of estimated diameter 2.5 nm that were demonstrated by negative staining and immuno-gold labelling with MREHA-specific anti-serum.

A novel fimbrial haemagglutinin produced by a strain of Salmonella of serotype Salinatis.

A strain of Salmonella of serotype Salinatis, that produced a mannose-resistant and eluting haemagglutinin (MREHA) when cultured at 37 degrees C but not at 18 degrees C, was examined by electron microscopy after negative staining. Production of this MREHA, previously described as being non-fimbrial, was correlated with the presence of thin fimbriae which had an external diameter of 3.6 nm.

Demonstration by immuno-electronmicroscopy of antigenic heterogeneity among P fimbriae of strains of Escherichia coli.

The identification of P fimbriae on urinary strains of Escherichia coli isolated from urine was made by observation of the patterns of mannose-resistant and eluting haemagglutination of erythrocytes of seven animal species (and including those of human p phenotype), and by haemagglutination-inhibition tests with hydatid-cyst fluid known to contain an analogue of P-fimbrial receptor. In tests with five different, pure P-fimbrial antisera prepared in rabbits, agglutinin titres of 37 P-fimbriate strains revealed differences in their reactivity; immuno-electronmicroscopy studies with the same five antisera showed that P-fimbriate strains were markedly different in the extent to which their P fimbriae were coated with antibody. The antigenic heterogeneity observed among P fimbriae is discussed with regard to the development of P-fimbrial vaccines.