Intracellular polarization of RNAs and proteins in the human small intestinal epithelium.

The intestinal epithelium is a polarized monolayer of cells, with an apical side facing the lumen and a basal side facing the blood stream. In mice, both proteins and mRNAs have been shown to exhibit global basal-apical polarization; however, polarization in the human intestine has not been systematically explored. Here, we employed laser-capture microdissection to isolate apical and basal epithelial segments from intestinal tissues of 8 individuals and performed RNA sequencing and mass-spectrometry proteomics.

Myeloid derived suppressor cells mediate hepatocyte proliferation and immune suppression during liver regeneration following resection.

Liver regeneration following resection is a complex process relying on coordinated pathways and cell types in the remnant organ. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) have a role in liver regeneration-related angiogenesis but other roles they may play in this process remain to be elucidated. In this study, we sought to examine the effect of G-MDSCs on hepatocytes proliferation and immune modulation during liver regeneration.

A spatial expression atlas of the adult human proximal small intestine.

The mouse small intestine shows profound variability in gene expression along the crypt-villus axis. Whether similar spatial heterogeneity exists in the adult human gut remains unclear. Here we use spatial transcriptomics, spatial proteomics and single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization to reconstruct a comprehensive spatial expression atlas of the adult human proximal small intestine.

The cellular states and fates of shed intestinal cells.

The intestinal epithelium is replaced every few days. Enterocytes are shed into the gut lumen predominantly from the tips of villi and have been believed to rapidly die upon their dissociation from the tissue. However, technical limitations prohibited studying the cellular states and fates of shed intestinal cells.

Hepatic adropin is regulated by estrogen and contributes to adverse metabolic phenotypes in ovariectomized mice.

Objective: Menopause is associated with visceral adiposity, hepatic steatosis and increased risk for cardiovascular disease. As estrogen replacement therapy is not suitable for all postmenopausal women, a need for alternative therapeutics and biomarkers has emerged.

Methods: 9-week-old C57BL/6 J female mice were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) or SHAM surgery (n = 10 per group), fed a standard diet and sacrificed 6- & 12 weeks post-surgery.

How-we-do-it: the repair of postoperative ventral hernias after a Mercedes abdominal incision.

Purpose: To describe the abdominal wall reconstruction technique with an Ultrapro mesh and outcome for the repair of postoperative ventral hernias after the use of a Mercedes incision during the initial abdominal operation.

Method: A retrospective review of all the patients undergoing elective postoperative ventral hernia repair between 2013 and 2019. The cohort of these patients that had an initial Mercedes incision was used for this study.

CD11bLy6G myeloid-derived suppressor cells promote liver regeneration in a murine model of major hepatectomy.

Liver regeneration depends on sequential activation of pathways and cells involving the remaining organ in recovery of mass. Proliferation of parenchyma is dependent on angiogenesis. Understanding liver regeneration-associated neovascularization may be useful for development of clinical interventions.

Reduced Sirtuin1 expression at the femoral neck in women who sustained an osteoporotic hip fracture.

Unlabelled: To investigate the role of Sirtuin1 in osteoporosis, Sirtuin1 was determined at the femoral neck in female patients undergoing hip operation for fractured hip or osteoarthritis. Reduced Sirtuin1 was found in osteoporotic patients. Pharmacologic activation of Sirtuin1 reduced sclerostin, an inhibitor of bone formation.