HS prevents the disruption of the blood-brain barrier in rats with prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia.

Elevation of the homocysteine concentration in the plasma called hyperhomocysteinemia (hHCY) during pregnancy causes a number of pre- and postnatal developmental disorders. The aim of our study was to analyze the effects of HS donors -NaHS and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in rats with prenatal hHCY. In rats with mild hHCY BBB permeability assessed by Evans Blue extravasation in brain increased markedly throughout life.

Genetic Diversity for Effective Resistance in Wheat Landraces from Ethiopia and Eritrea to Fungal Diseases and Toxic Aluminum Ions.

To reveal genetic diversity for effective resistance to five foliar diseases and toxic aluminum ions, the entire collection of wheat species from the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) originating from Ethiopia and Eritrea were studied regarding their traits.

Assessing the mental health and psychosocial well-being of Ukrainian pediatric trauma and burn patients and their caregivers amidst the war: insights from a surgical medical mission in Poland.

On a recent surgical medical mission caring for Ukrainian pediatric burn and trauma patients in Poland, an assessment of the mental health and well-being of children and their caregivers was completed. Children living in war zones frequently experience significant distress and mental health problems, but little is known about the impact of coexisting related or unrelated burn injuries or physical disabilities. Nineteen Ukrainian children and their caregivers were interviewed utilizing validated questionnaires Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) and Youth Self-Report (YSR) to assess their risk for developing or for the presence of clinically significant mental health problems.

Kinetics of Abnormal Prion Protein in Blood of Transgenic Mice Experimentally Infected by Multiple Routes with the Agent of Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease.

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) or prion diseases are characterized by the accumulation in affected tissues of the abnormal prion protein PrP. We previously demonstrated PrP in the blood of macaques experimentally infected with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), a human TSE, months to years prior to clinical onset. That work supported the prospect of using PrP as a blood biomarker to detect vCJD and possibly other human TSEs before the onset of overt illness.

[An impact of the COVID-19 pandemia on the onset and course of mental disorders in elderly].

Objective: To study the impact of COVID-19 on the onset and course of mental disorders in hospitalized elderly patients.

Material And Methods: We studied 67 inpatients, aged 50 to 95 years, with various mental illnesses in accordance with the ICD-10 criteria, who underwent COVID-19 from February 2020 to December 2021. Forty-six people were previously mentally ill, in 21 cases the disease developed for the first time.

[Pathological changes in the nervous structures of the aortic wall tissue adjacent to an unstable atherosclerotic plaque].

Objective: To study of nerve structures in the aortic wall in atherosclerosis using a complex of immunohistochemical markers.

Material And Methods: The objects of the study were excised fragments of the wall of the thoracic and abdominal aorta along with visually determined unstable atherosclerotic plaques. To study nerve structures on paraffin sections, immunohistochemical reactions were performed for the PGP 9.

Effects of Nitric Oxide on the Activity of P2X and TRPV1 Receptors in Rat Meningeal Afferents of the Trigeminal Nerve.

Nitric oxide is one of the endogenous molecules that play a key role in migraine. However, the interaction between NO and the main players in the nociceptive activity of the meningeal trigeminal afferents-TRPV1 and P2X3 receptors-remains unstudied. In the current project, the effects of acute and chronic NO administration on the activity of TRPV1 and P2X3 receptors in the peripheral afferents were studied using electrophysiological recording of action potentials of the trigeminal nerve in the rat hemiskull preparations.

EFFICACY OF OSSEIN-HYDROXYAPATITE COMPLEX AS A PHARMACOLOGICAL CORRECTOR OF BONE LOSS (REVIEW).

The problem of osteoporosis is relevant due to the high frequency of its prevalence throughout the world. Complex mechanisms for maintaining bone mass biomass require various options for their pharmacological correction, so the range of proposed drugs is expanding. Among the debatable indications for the pharmacological correction of osteopenia and osteoporosis, the effectiveness and safety of the ossein-hydroxyapatite complex (OHC), which contributes to the preservation of mitogenic effects on bone cells, are specified.

Abnormal prion protein, infectivity and neurofilament light-chain in blood of macaques with experimental variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are fatal neurodegenerative infections. Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) and sporadic CJD (sCJD) are human TSEs that, in rare cases, have been transmitted by human-derived therapeutic products. There is a need for a blood test to detect infected donors, identify infected individuals in families with TSEs and monitor progression of disease in patients, especially during clinical trials.

[New approaches to the typology and prediction of the effectiveness of therapy for late-life depression].

Objective: To analyze clinical parameters and effectiveness of therapy in depressed patients of late age with different activity of enzymes of energy, glutamate metabolism and antioxidant glutathione system in platelets and red blood cells.

Material And Methods: The study included 53 hospitalized patients (41 women and 12 men), aged 60 to 86 years (median - 66 years), with a depressive episode of mild to marked severity within the framework of recurrent depressive disorder, bipolar affective disorder or a single depressive episode according to ICD-10. The patients were examined using clinical, psychometric, biochemical and statistical methods.

Experimental Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in Squirrel Monkeys: The Same Complex Proteinopathy Appearing after Very Different Incubation Times.

Incubation periods in humans infected with transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) agents can exceed 50 years. In humans infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) agents, the effects of a "species barrier," often observed when TSE infections are transmitted from one species to another, would be expected to increase incubation periods compared with transmissions of same infectious agents within the same species. As part of a long-term study investigating the susceptibility to BSE of cell cultures used to produce vaccines, we inoculated squirrel monkeys ( sp.

Hyperhomocysteinemia Increases Cortical Excitability and Aggravates Mechanical Hyperalgesia and Anxiety in a Nitroglycerine-Induced Migraine Model in Rats.

Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing endogenous amino acid leading to neurotoxic effects at high concentrations. Population studies suggest an association between plasma homocysteine levels and the risk of migraine headaches. The aim of this study was to analyze the sensitivity of rats with prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia (hHCY) in respect of the development of behavioral correlates of headache and spreading cortical depolarization (CSD) in a migraine model induced by the administration of the nitric oxide (NO) donor nitroglycerin.

[Platelet glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase in elderly patients with depression].

Objective: To compare the activity of platelet glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in elderly patients with depression and in the control group, and to identify a possible relationship between the activity of these enzymes and clinical parameters of the disease.

Material And Methods: We examined 42 elderly patients (60-86 years old) with depressive episodes of various nosological categories according to ICD-10: a single depressive episode (F32.0, F32.

[METABOLIC FEATURES OF ADIPOSE TISSUE AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ADIPOKINS IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (REVIEW)].

The article discusses modern views on the metabolic characteristics of adipose tissue in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). An association has been shown between NAFLD and metabolic risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and visceral obesity. The analysis of modern literature on adipose tissue as an endocrine organ is carried out.

Protective Effects of Probiotics on Cognitive and Motor Functions, Anxiety Level, Visceral Sensitivity, Oxidative Stress and Microbiota in Mice with Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis.

Accumulating clinical and preclinical data indicate a prominent role of gut microbiota in regulation of physiological functions. The gut-brain axis imbalance due to gut dysbiosis is associated with a range of neurodegenerative diseases. Probiotics were suggested not only to restore intestinal dysbiosis but also modulate stress response and improve mood and anxiety symptoms.

[The role of neovascularization in the formation of an unstable human atherosclerotic plaque].

Material And Methods: The study material was 20 autopsy samples obtained from males aged 65 to 72 years who died from acute atherosclerotic cardiovascular insufficiency. Aortic segments (from the arch, thoracic and abdominal regions), coronary arteries and the arteries of the base of the brain () were investigated; these totaled 45 tissue segments. Neovessels and cellular responses in the arterial wall were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining.

[The link of platelet cytochrome C-oxidase activity with some clinical parameters of depression in elderly patients].

Objective: To search for correlations between platelet cytochrome c-oxidase (COX) activity and the quality of therapeutic outcomes and other clinical parameters of depression in elderly patients.

Material And Methods: Twenty elderly women, aged 55-78 years, with depressive episodes in recurrent depressive disorder (RDD) or bipolar affective disorder (BD) were studied. COX activity and severity of depression were evaluated twice: before the beginning of antidepressant treatment and at the 28-th day of the therapy, using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A).

Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Anxiety, Motor, and Cognitive Dysfunctions in Rats with Maternal Hyperhomocysteinemia via Mitigation of Oxidative Stress.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is endogenously produced from sulfur containing amino acids, including homocysteine and exerts neuroprotective effects. An increase of homocysteine during pregnancy impairs fetal growth and development of the offspring due to severe oxidative stress. We analyzed the effects of the HS donor-sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) administered to female rats with hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy) on behavioral impairments and levels of oxidative stress of their offspring.

[Some inflammation factors and immunophenotypes of depression in elderly patients].

Aim: To search for the immunological features of depressions in elderly patients, select certain immunophenotypes and analyze their possible connection with clinical and psychopathological features of depression of old age.

Material And Methods: The study included 55 inpatients of old age (median 68 years) with a depressive episode of mild or moderate severity. The control group consisted of 41 elderly people (median 67 years) without depressive disorders.

Comparative analysis of the plastid conversion, photochemical activity and chlorophyll degradation in developing embryos of green-seeded and yellow-seeded pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars.

Developing seeds of some higher plants are photosynthetically active and contain chlorophylls (Chl), which are typically destroyed at the late stages of seed maturation. However, in some crop plant cultivars, degradation of embryonic Chl remains incomplete, and mature seeds preserve green colour, as it is known for green-seeded cultivars of pea (Pisum sativum L.).

[Personalized approach to the treatment of depression in the elderly].

Aim: To develop a personalized approach to the appointment of a complex antidepressant therapy in combination with drugs of neuroprotective and neurotrophic action in depressed elderly patients based on the selection of predictors of low therapeutic response (LTR).

Material And Methods: The study included 152 hospitalized patients, aged 60 years and older, with moderate and mild depression (ICD-10) who received monotherapy (44 people) with antidepressants of the new generation and complex therapy (108 people) with the same antidepressants in combination with neuroprotective drugs. In the monotherapy group, correlations between treatment efficacy (change in average total HAMD-17 scores) and a set of parameters, including socio-demographic data, results of psychopathological, somatic, standardized assessment and neuroimaging (CT) of the brain were analyzed.

[PHENOTYPIC POLYMORPHISM OF N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE 2 IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS].

Polymorphism of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) determines the risk of certain diseases and the rate of inactivation of various xenobiotics and drugs. We investigated phenotypic polymorphism of N-acetyltransferase 2 among 141 healthy subjects and 115 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. An analysis of the distribution of genetic determinants, depending on the acetylation status, was carried out.

[Sleep and cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative diseases].

Sleep and wakefulness disorders are commonly seen in patients with Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Sleep provides a lot of functions which sustain normal condition of the brain and sleep disturbances can be one of the factors contributing to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Sleep and wakefulness disorders can worsen the course of the neurodegenerative process and lead to an increase of symptoms, including cognitive dysfunction.

[Augmentation with carnicetine for late depression].

Aim: Comparative evaluation of the efficacy and safety of antidepressant monotherapy and complex antidepressant therapy in combination with carnicetine in the treatment of depression in elderly patients in a psychiatric hospital.

Material And Methods: Two groups of hospitalized patients, aged from 60 to 79 years, with mild or moderate depression (according to ICD-10), comparable in basic demographic and clinical characteristics, received mono- or complex (in combination with carnicetine) antidepressant therapy for 8 weeks. Treatment efficacy was assessed with HAM-D, HARS, CGI-S and CGI-I; the level of cognitive activity was assessed with MMSE, the 10-word memory test and clock drawing test.