Biochip-Based Identification of Mycobacterial Species in Russia.

Infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are rising globally throughout the world. The number of species isolated from clinical samples is steadily growing, which demands the implementation of a robust diagnostic method with wide specificity. This study was carried out in in 2022-2024 in three clinical antituberculosis centers in the biggest cities of Russia: Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Novosibirsk.

Selection of IS6110 conserved regions for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using qPCR and LAMP.

IS6110 insertion sequence is a frequently used target for Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection. However, its sequence variability is studied insufficiently. We aimed to identify the most conservative and variable regions in IS6110 sequences and develop qPCR and LAMP oligonucleotide sets for the conservative regions.

Studies of the Specific Activity of Aerosolized Isoniazid against Tuberculosis in a Mouse Model.

The aerosol inhalation delivery of isoniazid in mice was investigated, and the specific activity of the aerosol form of isoniazid was studied with the mouse model of tuberculosis infection, the H37Rv strain. Aerosol delivery was performed using a laminar-flow horizontal nucleation chamber. The inhalation dose was measured in real-time mode using a diffusion aerosol spectrometer.

Variations in tuberculosis prevalence, Russian Federation: a multivariate approach.

Objective: To analyse the epidemiological trends of tuberculosis in the Siberian and Far Eastern federal districts, the areas with the highest disease burden in the Russian Federation.

Methods: We applied principal coordinate analysis to study a total of 68 relevant variables on tuberculosis epidemiology, prevention and control. Data on these variables were collected over 2003-2016 in all 21 regions of the Siberian federal district and Far Eastern federal district (total population: 25.

Modeling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis dormancy in bacterial cultures.

The currently available methods are unable to directly detect dormant forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in vivo. The persistence of Mtb in the host body is detectable only in an indirect manner via the immunological response to Mtb-specific antigens. It is commonly recognized that the pathogen prevalently exists in the human body in a latent stage.

BCG infection in mice is promoted by naïve mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and suppressed by poly(A:U)-conditioned MSC.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) transplantation is an actively studied therapeutic approach used in regenerative medicine and in the field of control of immunoinflammatory response. Conditioning of MSC in culture can form their predominantly pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotypes. We demonstrated that poly(A:U)-conditioning of bone marrow-derived mouse MSC induced predominantly pro-inflammatory phenotype.