Efficacy and Safety of Ofatumumab Treatment for Anti-NMDA Receptor Autoimmune Encephalitis (OFF-AE): A Prospective, Multicenter Cohort Study.

Objective: Ofatumumab presents a potentially promising alternative to current second-line immunotherapy for refractory anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor autoimmune encephalitis (NMDAR-AE). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ofatumumab as a novel second-line immunotherapy for NMDAR-AE.

Methods: This prospective, multicenter, nested cohort study compared patients with NMDAR-AE from the CHina Autoimmune encephalitiS outcomE study registry (CHASE) recruited between October 2011 and February 2024, treated with and without ofatumumab.

BRUCE silencing leads to axonal dystrophy by repressing autophagosome-lysosome fusion in Alzheimer's disease.

Axonal dystrophy is a swollen and tortuous neuronal process that contributes to synaptic alterations occurring in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous study identified that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) binds to tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) at the axon terminal and then the signal is propagated along the axon to the cell body and affects neuronal function through retrograde transport. Therefore, this study was designed to identify a microRNA (miRNA) that alters related components of the transport machinery to affect BDNF retrograde signaling deficits in AD.

miR-204 silencing reduces mitochondrial autophagy and ROS production in a murine AD model via the TRPML1-activated STAT3 pathway.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is an early feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereby accumulation of damaged mitochondria in conjunction with impaired mitophagy contributes to neurodegeneration. Various non-transcribed microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in this process. In the present study, we aimed to decipher the participation of miR-204 in a murine AD model.

Antagomirs targeting miR-142-5p attenuate pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in mice.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are reported to involve in pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). miR-142-5p is found increased in TLE, but its role remains unknown. In the study, we established a mouse model of status epilepticus (SE) with pilocarpine and a cell model of TLE.

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a prospective study focused on cerebrospinal fluid and clinical symptoms.

Background And Objective: To analyze the relationship between brain MRI, clinical symptoms, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and to provide a reference for early diagnosis of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis.

Materials And Methods: A total of 62 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis in Zhengzhou, China (2016-2018) were observed and registered prospectively. First, we analyzed the characteristics of clinical symptoms.

MiR-340-5p alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced neuronal injury via PI3K/Akt activation by targeting PDCD4.

MicroRNA-340-5p (miR-340-5p), a suppressor of certain target genes in brain, reportedly is decreased in peripheral circulation of acute stroke patients. However, little is known regarding its role in regulating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. This study explores the effect of miR-340-5p on ischemia/reperfusion insults by exposing rat hippocampal neurons to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGDR) in vitro.

Ginsenoside Rb1 ameliorates cisplatin-induced learning and memory impairments.

Background: Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), a dominant component from the extract of root, exhibits neuroprotective functions in many neurological diseases. This study was intended to investigate whether Rb1 can attenuate cisplatin-induced memory impairments and explore the potential mechanisms.

Methods: Cisplatin was injected intraperitoneally with a dose of 5 mg/kg/wk, and Rb1 was administered in drinking water at the dose of 2 mg/kg/d to rats for 5 consecutive wk.

Factors affecting the therapeutic effect of botulinum toxin A on trigeminal neuralgia: A follow-up retrospective study of 152 patients.

Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) is a promising therapeutic modality against trigeminal neuralgia (TN) with certain controversies pertaining to its application. To provide further information on factors influencing the treatment outcomes of BTX-A, a retrospective study with 152 patients with TN treated with BTX-A was performed. The starting time and duration of the therapeutic effect, as well as side effects, of BTX-A in the treatment of TN were analyzed by sex, age, course of disease, number of branches and injected dose.

Botulinum Toxin Type A for refractory trigeminal neuralgia in older patients: a better therapeutic effect.

Background: Some studies have indicated that a local injection of Botulinum Toxin Type A (BTX-A) is a promising therapy for trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, BTX-A treatment is still ineffective for approximately 10-43% of patients. We therefore investigated which factors are associated with the therapeutic effect in BTX-A treatment of medically refractory, classical TN.

Intranasal Delivery of Botulinum Neurotoxin A Protects against Hippocampal Neuron Death in the Lithium-Pilocarpine Rat Model.

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) block the release of a series of neurotransmitters, which are pivotal for neuron action. Intrahippocampal administration of BoNTs inhibits glutamate release, protects neurons against cell death, and attenuates epileptic seizures. Compared with intrahippocampal administration, intranasal delivery is less invasive and more practical for chronic drug administration.

Characteristics and relative factors of headache caused by cervicocerebral artery dissection.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics and relative factors of headache and neck pain due to cervicocerebral artery dissection (CAD).

Methods: A total of 146 consecutive patients with CAD in Zhengzhou, China (2010-2017) were observed and registered prospectively. There were 60 (60/146) cases who complained of headache and neck pain, and we analyzed the characteristics of pain according to their clinical features.

A case-control study of the determinants for cervicocerebral artery dissection.

Background: Cervicocerebral artery dissection (CAD) is a major cause of ischemic stroke in young adults. There are many existing studies on determinants for CAD; however, they are still not totally defined. We conduct the study to further investigate the determinants for CAD based on ischemic stroke patients.

Harpagoside Rescues the Memory Impairments in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Rats by Inhibiting PTEN Activity.

Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common dementia worldwide. Unlike Alzheimer's disease, VaD does not yet have effective therapeutic drugs. Harpagoside is the most important component extracted from Harpagophytum procumbens, a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used.

Ectopic expression of Miro 1 ameliorates seizures and inhibits hippocampal neurodegeneration in a mouse model of pilocarpine epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a common disease of the central nervous system. This study aimed to investigate the role of mitochondrial Rho (Miro) 1 in epilepsy, using a mouse model of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). Intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine induced epileptic seizures in mice and significantly decreased Miro 1 expression in the hippocampus.

LncRNA SNHG1 promotes α-synuclein aggregation and toxicity by targeting miR-15b-5p to activate SIAH1 in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.

Numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as aberrantly expressed in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, limited knowledge is available concerning the roles of dysregulated lncRNAs and the underlying molecular regulatory mechanism in the pathological process of PD. In this study, we found that lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) and seven in absentia homolog 1 (SIAH1) were upregulated, but microRNA-15b-5p (miR-15b-5p) was downregulated in SH-SY5Y cells pretreated with MPP+, as well as in MPTP-induced mouse model of PD.

The expression and significance of tyrosine hydroxylase in the brain tissue of Parkinsons disease rats.

The expression and significance of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in brain tissue of rats with Parkinson's disease (PD) were explored and analyzed. A total of 120 clean-grade and healthy adult Wistar rats weighing 180-240 g were randomly divided equally into four groups according to the random number table method. Rats were sacrificed before and after the model establishment for 3, 6 or 8 weeks.

Novel, de novo dysferlin gene mutations in a patient with Miyoshi myopathy.

Miyoshi myopathy (MM) is an autosomal recessive distal muscular dystrophy caused by mutations in the dysferlin gene (DYSF), a 150-kb gene on chromosome 2p13 that contains 55 coding exons. Many patients with MM harbour mutations in the DYSF gene, and most of these mutations are inherited from the patients' parents. Recently, we encountered novel, de novo mutations in the DYSF gene in a patient with MM.

Single-dose botulinum toxin type a compared with repeated-dose for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: a pilot study.

Background: Several RCT studies including ours, seem to prove the role of Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN), but no standardized dosing regimen has been established. In our study, we compare two different methods of administration: single-dose or repeated-dose strategy which was most frequently applied over the years in our centre.

Methods: An open-label trail was conducted.

Diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension due to cerebrospinal fluid leakage.

Introduction: Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is one of the causes of a postural headache in young people. In this study, the diagnosis and treatment results of a case of intracranial hypotension headache due to spinal cerebrospinal fluid leakage were reported. Up to now, there is not absolutely effective treatment for intracranial hypotension headache.

Oral administration of grape seed polyphenol extract restores memory deficits in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats.

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) has been recognized as an important cause of both vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), the two most prominent neurodegenerative diseases causing memory impairment in the elderly. However, an effective therapy for CCH-induced memory impairment has not yet been established. Grape seed polyphenol extract (GSPE) has powerful antioxidant properties and protects neurons and glia during ischemic injury, but its potential use in the prevention of CCH-induced memory impairment has not yet been investigated.

Botulinum toxin type A with or without needle electromyographic guidance in patients with cervical dystonia.

Aim: To investigate the efficacy and safety of electromyography (EMG)- and palpation-guided botulinum toxin type A injection in cervical dystonia (CD) patients.

Methods: In this randomized, controlled trial, 68 CD patients were randomly allocated to two groups, receiving botulinum toxin type A injections guided by either palpation (Group A) or EMG (Group B). The primary endpoint is defined as the difference in the Tsui score between groups at 16 weeks.

Treatment of chronic daily headache with comorbid anxiety and depression using botulinum toxin A: a prospective pilot study.

Background: Psychiatric comorbidities, including depression and anxiety, are clinical entities associated with chronic daily headache (CDH). Botulinum toxin A (BTA) is a Food and Drug Administration approved drug for the treatment of chronic migraine, a subtype form of CDH. This study aimed to investigate the potential efficacy and safety of BTA for controlling psychiatric symptoms in CDH patients.

A Multicenter Clinical Study on Treating Post-Dural Puncture Headache with an Intravenous Injection of Aminophylline.

Background: Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common complication of lumbar puncture. Aminophylline has been reported to be effective in the prevention of PDPH in some clinical studies, but its efficacy for the treatment of PDPH has been unproven.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an intravenous (IV) injection of aminophylline on PDPH.

Central antinociceptive activity of peripherally applied botulinum toxin type A in lab rat model of trigeminal neuralgia.

Background: BoNT-A is often used in the clinical treatment for movement disorders. In recent years, various clinical studies suggest that BoNT-A can effectively alleviate pain caused by trigeminal neuralgia (TN); however, its mechanism remains unclear.

Methods: In this study, we used a lab rat model for TN produced by chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (ION-CCI).

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor ameliorates learning deficits in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease induced by aβ1-42.

An emerging body of data suggests that the early onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Because BDNF plays a critical role in the regulation of high-frequency synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation in the hippocampus, the up-regulation of BDNF may rescue cognitive impairments and learning deficits in AD. In the present study, we investigated the effects of hippocampal BDNF in a rat model of AD produced by a ventricle injection of amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42).