Robust and blind video watermarking against online sharing platforms.

In recent years, with the access of high-speed broadband, the number of videos on online sharing platforms has increased sharply, and the copyright protection of videos has been widely concerned. However, existing block-based watermarking methods have high sensitivity under geometric deformation and cannot accurately locate the watermark position, which leads to the failure of watermark extraction. Therefore, a robust and blind video watermarking scheme to resist the online sharing platform is proposed.

Inhibition of TIGIT on NK cells improves their cytotoxicity and HIV reservoir eradication potential.

Unlabelled: The latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir presents the biggest obstacle to curing HIV chronic infection. Consequently, finding novel strategies to control the HIV reservoir is critical. Natural killer (NK) cells are essential for antiviral immunity.

Agreement of lymphocyte subsets detection permits reference intervals transference between flow cytometry systems: direct validation using established reference intervals.

Objectives: With the increasing demand and application of lymphocyte subsets detection in clinical laboratories, different single-platform flow cytometer (FCM) systems have been developed. There is an urgent need to establish the reference intervals (RIs) for different single-platform FCMs and transferring them from one FCM system to another provides a much more feasible and convenient approach. This study aimed to explore the transferability of RIs for lymphocyte subsets across different flow cytometry platforms.

Tanshinone IIA promotes osteogenic differentiation potential and suppresses adipogenic differentiation potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) may have therapeutic effects on avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) by targeting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The effect and underlying mechanism of Tan IIA on adipogenesis and osteogenesis ability of BMSCs remain to be elucidated. In the present study BMSCs were treated with osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation medium with or without Tan IIA under hypoxic environment.

Suppression of viral rebound by a Rev-dependent lentiviral particle in SIV-infected rhesus macaques.

Persistence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoirs prevents viral eradication, and consequently HIV-infected patients require lifetime treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) [1-5]. Currently, there are no effective therapeutics to prevent HIV rebound upon ART cessation. Here we describe an HIV/SIV Rev-dependent lentiviral particle that can be administered to inhibit viral rebound [6-9].

PGC-1α/LDHA signaling facilitates glycolysis initiation to regulate mechanically induced bone remodeling under inflammatory microenvironment.

The mechanosensitivity of inflammation can alter cellular mechanotransduction. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the metabolic mechanism of inflammation under mechanical force to guide tissue remodeling better.

Approaches for Performance Verification Toward Standardization of Peripheral Blood Regulatory T-Cell Detection by Flow Cytometry.

Context.—: Regulatory T-cell (Treg) detection in peripheral blood, based on flow cytometry, is invaluable for diagnosis and treatment of immune-mediated diseases. However, there is a lack of reliable methods to verify the performance, which is pivotal toward standardization of the Tregs assay.

Inhibitory receptor CD47 binding to plasma TSP1 suppresses NK-cell IFN-γ production via activating the JAK/STAT3 pathway during HIV infection.

Background: Natural killer (NK) cells play an important first-line role against tumour and viral infections and are regulated by inhibitory receptor expression. Among these inhibitory receptors, the expression, function, and mechanism of cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) on NK cells during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remain unclear.

Methods: Fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV negative controls (NC) subjects.

Mechanical force induces mitophagy-mediated anaerobic oxidation in periodontal ligament stem cells.

Background: The preference for glucose oxidative mode has crucial impacts on various physiological activities, including determining stem cell fate. External mechanical factors can play a decisive role in regulating critical metabolic enzymes and pathways of stem cells. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are momentous effector cells that transform mechanical force into biological signals during the reconstruction of alveolar bone.

Altered lipid metabolites accelerate early dysfunction of T cells in HIV-infected rapid progressors by impairing mitochondrial function.

The complex mechanism of immune-system damage in HIV infection is incompletely understood. HIV-infected "rapid progressors" (RPs) have severe damage to the immune system early in HIV infection, which provides a "magnified" opportunity to study the interaction between HIV and the immune system. In this study, forty-four early HIV-infected patients (documented HIV acquisition within the previous 6 months) were enrolled.

CD38CD39 NK cells associate with HIV disease progression and negatively regulate T cell proliferation.

The ectonucleotidases CD38 and CD39 have a critical regulatory effect on tumors and viral infections the adenosine axis. Natural killer (NK) cells produce cytokines, induce cytotoxic responses against viral infection, and acquire immunoregulatory properties. However, the roles of CD38 and CD39 expressed NK cells in HIV disease require elucidation.

Alterations in levels of cytokine following treatment to predict outcome of sepsis: A meta-analysis.

Background: The mortality rate of patients with sepsis has been increasing in recent years. Alterations of biomarkers levels during treatment are important in evaluating treatment efficacy and predicting outcomes in sepsis. This meta-analysis investigated the relationship between changes in cytokine levels after treatment compared with those on hospital admission, and their relationship with the prognosis of patients with sepsis.

CD160 Promotes NK Cell Functions by Upregulating Glucose Metabolism and Negatively Correlates With HIV Disease Progression.

Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial for immune responses to viral infections. CD160 is an important NK cell activating receptor, with unknown function in HIV infection. Here, we found that CD160 expression was reduced on NK cells from HIV-infected individuals and its expression was negatively correlated with HIV disease progression.

Downregulation of TCF1 in HIV Infection Impairs T-cell Proliferative Capacity by Disrupting Mitochondrial Function.

Background: Despite the benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people with HIV, T-cell dysfunction cannot be fully restored. Metabolic dysregulation is associated with dysfunction of HIV-1-specific T-cells. Exploration of the factors regulating metabolic fitness can help reverse T-cell dysfunction and provide new insights into the underlying mechanism.

Chemokines and chemokine receptors in allergic rhinitis: from mediators to potential therapeutic targets.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition characterized by immune cell infiltration of the nasal mucosa, with symptoms of rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal obstruction, and itchiness. Currently, common medication for AR is anti-inflammatory treatment including intranasal steroids, oral, or intranasal anti-histamines, and immunotherapy. These strategies are effective to the majority of patients with AR, but some patients under medication cannot achieve symptom relieve and suffer from bothersome side effects, indicating a demand for novel anti-inflammatory treatment as alternatives.

Comparative miRNA transcriptomics of macaques and mice reveals is an inhibitor for invasion into the brain.

Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM) is emerging as an infection in HIV/AIDS patients shifted from primarily ART-naive to ART-experienced individuals, as well as patients with COVID-19 and immunocompetent hosts. This fungal infection is mainly caused by the opportunistic human pathogen . Brain or central nervous system (CNS) dissemination is the deadliest process for this disease; however, mechanisms underlying this process have yet to be elucidated.

Noncanonical Wnt5a Signaling Suppresses Hippo/TAZ-Mediated Osteogenesis Partly Through the Canonical Wnt Pathway in SCAPs.

Purpose: Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) are promising seed cells for tissue regeneration medicine and possess the osteogenic differentiation potential. Wnt5a, a typical ligand of the noncanonical Wnt pathway, exhibits diverse roles in the regulation of osteogenesis. The transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ, WWTR1) is a core regulator in the Hippo pathway and regulates stem behavior including osteogenic differentiation.

Plasma MicroRNA Signature Panel Predicts the Immune Response After Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Patients.

Background: Approximately 10-40% of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are unable to obtain successful improvements in immune function after antiretroviral therapy (ART). These patients are at greater risk of developing non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related conditions, with the accompanying increased morbidity and mortality. Discovering predictive biomarkers can help to identify patients with a poor immune response earlier and provide new insights into the mechanisms of this condition.

Prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in China: lessons from the past three decades.

In the past 37 years, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has undergone various major transmission routes in China, with the world most complex co-circulating HIV-1 subtypes, even the prevalence is still low. In response to the first epidemic outbreak of HIV in injecting drug users and the second one by illegal commercial blood collection, China issued the Anti-Drug Law and launched the Blood Donation Act and nationwide nucleic acid testing, which has avoided 98,232 to 211,200 estimated infections and almost ended the blood product-related infection. China has been providing free antiretroviral therapy (ART) since 2003, which covered >80% of the identified patients and achieved a viral suppression rate of 91%.

IP-10 Promotes Latent HIV Infection in Resting Memory CD4 T Cells LIMK-Cofilin Pathway.

A major barrier to HIV eradication is the persistence of viral reservoirs. Resting CD4 T cells are thought to be one of the major viral reservoirs, However, the underlying mechanism regulating HIV infection and the establishment of viral reservoir in T cells remain poorly understood. We have investigated the role of IP-10 in the establishment of HIV reservoirs in CD4 T cells, and found that in HIV-infected individuals, plasma IP-10 was elevated, and positively correlated with HIV viral load and viral reservoir size.

The accumulation of plasma acylcarnitines are associated with poor immune recovery in HIV-infected individuals.

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can reduce opportunistic infections and mortality rates among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); however, some HIV-infected individuals exhibit poor immune recovery after ART. Hence, we explored the association between metabolome profiles and immune recovery in HIV-infected individuals following ART.

Methods: An untargeted metabolomics approach was used to analyze plasma samples from 18 HIV-negative individuals and 20 HIV-infected individuals, including 10 immunological non-responders (INR, CD4 T cell rise < 100 cells/μl) and 10 immunological responders (IR, CD4 T cell rise > 300 cells/μl) after 2 years of ART.

CD27CD38 B cells accumulated in early HIV infection exhibit transitional profile and promote HIV disease progression.

Although peripheral B cell dysfunction in early HIV infection is established, how B cell subsets are altered by HIV infection is poorly understood. While investigating B cell subsets among individuals recently infected with HIV, we observe an accumulation of CD27CD38 B cells and find that these cells can directly facilitate HIV infection of primary CD4 T cells in vitro. Comprehensive analyses of the phenotype, function, and transcriptome of the CD27CD38 B cell subset is conducted compared with memory and naive B cells.