A novel anti-inflammatory strategy for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats with cinnamamide derivative compound 7.

Reperfusion after myocardial ischemia would aggravate myocardial structural and functional damage, known as myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Cinnamamide derivatives have been reported to exert cardioprotective effects, and we have previously reported that compound 7 played a role in cardioprotection against MI/R via anti-inflammatory effect. However, exact mechanism underlying such beneficial action of compound 7 is still unclear.

Crosstalk among Reactive Oxygen Species, Autophagy and Metabolism in Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Stages.

Myocardial ischemia is the most common cardiovascular disease. Reperfusion, an important myocardial ischemia tool, causes unexpected and irreversible damage to cardiomyocytes, resulting in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Upon stress, especially oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), autophagy, which degrades the intracellular energy storage to produce metabolites that are recycled into metabolic pathways to buffer metabolic stress, is initiated during myocardial ischemia and MI/R injury.

The role of histone deacetylases in cardiac energy metabolism in heart diseases.

Heart diseases are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. The underlying mechanisms and pathological changes associated with cardiac diseases are exceptionally complex. Highly active cardiomyocytes require sufficient energy metabolism to maintain their function.

Coumarin-derived imino sulfonate 5h ameliorates cardiac injury induced by myocardial infarction via activating the Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is irreversible damage caused by ischemia and hypoxia in coronary arteries accompanied by elevated catecholamine levels, leading to the accumulation of free radicals. Our previous study discovered coumarin-derived imino sulfonates as a novel class of potential cardioprotective agents possessing strong anti-oxidative effects in cardiomyocytes. Therefore, identifying the compound with the highest cardioprotective activity, 5h, and the mechanism involved was necessary.

In-frame deletion of SMC5 related with the phenotype of primordial dwarfism, chromosomal instability and insulin resistance.

Background: SMC5/6 complex plays a vital role in maintaining genome stability, yet the relationship with human diseases has not been described.

Methods: SMC5 variation was identified through whole-exome sequencing (WES) and verified by Sanger sequencing. Immunoprecipitation, cytogenetic analysis, fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and electron microscopy were used to elucidate the cellular consequences of patient's cells.

Discovery of 5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine- 2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione as a novel and effective cardioprotective agent via dual anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities.

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury is still the huge unmet medical need without effective therapy in clinic. It is critical to develop pharmacological intervention to scavenge ROS and inhibit NLRP3 activation to have a double benefit against MI/R injury. Cinnamamide derivatives have been demonstrated to possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.

miR-185-5p Regulates Inflammation and Phagocytosis through CDC42/JNK Pathway in Macrophages.

Macrophage activation is an essential component of systemic chronic inflammation and chronic inflammatory diseases. Emerging evidence implicates miR-185-5p in chronic inflammation diseases. However, the regulatory role of miR-185-5p in macrophage pro-inflammatory activation has not been studied previously.

Identification of Potential Genes in Pathogenesis and Diagnostic Value Analysis of Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Using Bioinformatics Analysis.

Background: Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a rare X-linked genetic disease and one of the causes of 46,XY disorder of sexual development. The unstraightforward diagnosis of AIS and the gender assignment dilemma still make a plague for this disorder due to the overlapping clinical phenotypes.

Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of partial AIS (PAIS) patients and healthy controls were separated, and RNA-seq was performed to investigate transcriptome variance.

Antidiabetic and hepatoprotective activity of the roots of Calanthe fimbriata Franch.

Background: Calanthe fimbriata is a Tujia ethnic medicine with various medicinal value and it is traditionally used for the treatment of gastric ulcer, chronic hepatitis, pharyngitis, and so on.

Objective: The current study was conducted to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of C. fimbriata methanol extract (CfME) in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) mice and in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.

Three New Polyacetylene Glycosides from the Roots of Heracleum dissectum and Their Triglyceride Accumulating Activities in 3T3-L1 Cells.

Continually phytochemical study of the roots of Heracleum dissectum had led to the isolation of three previously undescribed polyacetylene glycosides (1-3), together with seven known compounds, including one polyacetylene (8) and six coumarins (4-7 and 9-10) using diverse chromatographic methods. The structures of these three new compounds were characterized and identified as deca-4,6-diyn-1-yl β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), (8Z)-dec-8-ene-4,6-diyn-1-yl β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), and (8E)-dec-8-ene-4,6-diyn-1-yl β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranoside (3) based on their physicochemical properties and extensive analyses of various spectroscopic data. Their triglycerides accumulating activities were assayed and the results showed that the three new polyacetylene glycosides (1-3) exhibited triglyceride accumulating activities in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Improvement of intestinal transport, absorption and anti-diabetic efficacy of berberine by using Gelucire44/14: In vitro, in situ and in vivo studies.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of Gelucire44/14 on the in vitro transport, in situ intestinal absorption, as well as in vivo antidiabetic efficacy of berberine (BBR). In the in vitro study, Gelucire44/14 (0.1%, v/v) increased the absorptive transport of BBR across the intestinal membrane of a rat and reduced the relative transport in the secretory direction, thus demonstrating its potential inhibitory effect on intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp).

Chemical constituents, antioxidant and gastrointestinal transit accelerating activities of dried fruit of Crataegus dahurica.

Crataegus dahurica Koehne is an edible wild fruit mainly distributed in Northeast China. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the chemical constituents and investigate the bioactivities of dried fruit of C. dahurica methanol extract (CdME).

A new cinnamic acid glycoside from roots of Heracleum dissectum.

From the roots of Heracleum dissectum Lebb., one new cinnamic acid glycoside derivative named dissectumoside (1), together with eight known compounds including three phenolics, three phenolic glycosides and two phenylpropanoic glycoside were isolated using various chromatographic methods. Among them compound 2-9 was isolated from the plant for the first time.

A New Anti-Inflammatory Alkaloid from Roots of Heracleum dissectum.

Using various chromatographic methods, a new piperidinone alkaloid, (3S)-3-{4-[(1E)-3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl]-2-methoxyphenoxy}piperidin-2-one (1), together with 10 known compounds, bergapten (2), xanthotoxol (3), isopimpinellin (4), isobergapten (5), heratomol-6-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (6), scopoletin (7), apterin (8), 3-methoxy-4-β-d-glucopyranosyloxypropiophenone, (praeroside; 9), tachioside (10) and coniferin (11), were isolated from roots of Heracleum dissectum Ledeb. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and the detailed interpretation of various spectroscopic data. All the isolated compounds were screened for anti-inflammatory activity in vitro.