Does a delay to surgery for preoperative echocardiogram affect outcomes in patients with hip fracture?

Introduction: Delay to surgery >24 hours has been shown to correlate with mortality rates in patients with hip fracture when left untreated. Many of these patients have multiple comorbidities, including aortic stenosis (AS), and undergo workup for operative clearance, which may delay time to surgery. The purpose of this study was to examine whether preoperative echocardiogram workup affects time to surgery, complications, and mortality after operative fixation for hip fracture.

Direct versus indirect posterior malleolar fixation in the treatment of trimalleolar ankle fractures: Is there a difference in outcomes?

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in functional outcomes between direct and indirect surgical fixation methods of the posterior malleolus in the setting of trimalleolar fractures and identify any variables affecting patient outcomes.

Methods: Primary outcomes were evaluated by PROMIS scores for short-term outcomes regarding total pain (TP) and total function (TF) comparing 40 patients with direct fixation with 77 with indirect fixation. Continuous variables were analyzed using t tests for parametric variables and the Mann-Whitney test for nonparametric variables.

Immune dysregulation in human subjects with heterozygous germline mutations in CTLA4.

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is an inhibitory receptor found on immune cells. The consequences of mutations in CTLA4 in humans are unknown. We identified germline heterozygous mutations in CTLA4 in subjects with severe immune dysregulation from four unrelated families.