Normalization of the Constant score in the Spanish population.

Background: Normal Constant score values for healthy shoulders can vary between regions and change over the years as life expectancy increases and physical condition improves. Spain's population is one of the healthiest and has one of the highest life expectancies in the world, which could be reflected in its normal Constant score values. The purpose of this study is finding the normal Constant score values in the Spanish population.

Long-term outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty versus nonoperative treatment for 3- or 4- part proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients: Results from a prior randomized clinical trial.

Background And Objectives: Proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) are among the most common fractures in elderly patients, yet there is insufficient evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine the most appropriate interventions for their management. This study presents the long-term results of the first prospective RCT comparing surgical treatment with reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) versus nonoperative treatment in displaced PHFs in elderly patients.

Materials And Methods: Patients from a previously published RCT of 62 patients, in which RSA was compared with nonoperative treatment, were followed up long term.

Fracture patterns, outcomes, and complications of terrible triad injury in elderly patients.

Hypothesis: This study hypothesized that patients older than 65 years with terrible triad elbow injuries (TTEI) exhibit complex fracture patterns, a high prevalence of associated injuries, and increased rates of complications and reinterventions.

Methods: A retrospective study of 29 patients, mean follow-up of 48.7 ± 4.

Do the humeral radiographic changes at 5-year follow-up affect the clinical outcomes of press-fit humeral stems in primary reverse shoulder arthroplasties?

Introduction: The purposes of this study were to analyze and compare the functional outcomes and radiological changes around the press-fit humeral components in two contemporary medialized reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) systems at a minimum of 5-year follow-up.

Materials And Methods: Between December 2003 and December 2015, 249 consecutive RTSAs were performed at our hospital. Of these, 68 primary uncemented RTSA met our inclusion criteria.

Functional results of Circumferential Capsular Release in adhesive shoulder capsulitis. Comparative study of patients over and under fifty years of age.

Introduction: The aim of our study is to evaluate the functional and mobility outcomes in patients who have undergone arthroscopic circumferential arthrolysis of the shoulder and to find out if there are differences in the results in relation to the patient's age.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective case series of patients with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis treated by arthroscopic 360º circumferential capsulotomy in lateral position and followed for a minimum of 2 years. Range of motion (ROM), functional outcomes using the Constant Score (CS), health-related quality of life outcomes with the EuroQol Five Dimensions tool (EQ-5D), pain using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).

Shoulder problems after percutaneous antegrade intramedullary nailing in humeral diaphyseal fractures using contemporary straight third-generation nail.

Background: Antegrade intramedullary nailing in humeral shaft fracture has been abandoned by certain orthopedic surgeons because of rotator cuff injury caused by first- and second-generation intramedullary nails (IMNs). However, only a few studies have specifically addressed the results of antegrade nailing for the treatment of humeral shaft fractures with a straight third-generation IMN; thus, complications need to be re-evaluated. We hypothesized that fixation of displaced humeral shaft fractures with a straight third-generation antegrade IMN with the percutaneous technique avoid shoulder problems (stiffness and pain) incurred by first- and second-generation IMNs.

Does fluoroscopy improve baseplate position compared to conventional technique in reverse shoulder arthroplasty? A preliminary study.

Background: Accurate placement of glenoid component in reverse shoulder arthroplasty remains a challenge for surgeons of all levels of expertise; however, no studies have evaluated the utility of fluoroscopy as a surgical assistance method.

Methods: Prospective comparative study of 33 patients undergoing primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty during a 12-month period. Fifteen patients had a baseplate placed using the conventional "free hand" technique (control group), and 18 patients using intraoperative fluoroscopy assistance group, in a case-control design.

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humeral fracture in the elderly. Cemented or uncemented stem?

Objective: The purposes of this study were to compare functional outcomes, radiographic stem changes and complication rate in patients with proximal humeral fractures operated with cemented or uncemented RSA.

Methods: Retrospective review of 68 primary RSAs in PHF, 45 cemented/23 uncemented. Functional outcomes were evaluated according to constant, ASES scales and the range of motion (ROM).

Dislocation after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using contemporary medialized modular systems. Can we still consider it such a frequent complication?

Introduction: Improvement in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) prosthesis and technique has reduced the initially high complication and revision rates associated with this implant. However, instability continues to be a leading cause of reoperation after RTSA, being related in previous studies with medialized designs. The aim of this study was to determine the dislocation rate with the employment of two medialized modular systems of RTSA in our institution.

Complex fractures of the distal humerus in the elderly: primary total elbow arthroplasty or open reduction and internal fixation? Mid-term follow-up.

Objective: To compare the mid-term outcomes in intra-articular distal humerus fracture (AO/OTA type C) treated with either open reduction-internal fixation (ORIF) or total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) in patients older than 75 years and with more than five years of follow-up.

Methods: Retrospective study including 24 patients (11 TEA vs. 13 ORIF) with a mean age of 82 years and being all females.

Complications after open Latarjet procedure: influence of arm positioning on musculocutaneous and axillary nerve function.

Background: Alterations in the anatomical relationships of the musculocutaneous (MCN) and axillary nerves and the influence of arm positioning on these relationships after a Latarjet procedure have been demonstrated in the cadaver, but there are no studies in the literature that establish if there is any neurophysiological repercussion.

Methods: We retrospectively identified 24 patients with a primary or revision open Latarjet procedure. A prospective clinical (Constant-Murley, Rowe and Walch-Duplay and active range of motion), radiographic (with CT), and electrodiagnostic evaluation was made at the most recent follow-up.

Enhancement of in vivo supraspinatus tendon-to-bone healing with an alginate-chitin scaffold and rhBMP-2.

Introduction: Rotator cuff disorders present a high retear rate despite advances in surgical treatment. Tissue engineering could therefore be interesting in order to try to enhance a more biological repair. RhBMP-2 is one of the most osteogenic growth factors and it also induces the formation of collagen type I.

Radiographic changes around the glenoid component in primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty at mid-term follow-up.

Background: Some local events after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) occur without the patient experiencing symptoms and yet may be detected on diagnostic imaging, thereby serving as indicators of future complications that may require revision. Most of these events involve the glenoid component, but radiographic studies evaluating this component are scarce, especially medium- and long-term studies. This study aimed to analyze the radiographic changes around the glenoid component and determine the risk factors associated with the presence of these radiographic changes.

Third-generation intramedullary nailing for displaced proximal humeral fractures in the elderly: quality of life, clinical results, and complications.

Introduction: Antegrade insertion of third-generation intramedullary nail (IMN) has been shown to provide excellent results in young patients for treatment of displaced two-part surgical neck fracture. In elderly patients, osteoporosis makes internal fixation problematic and frequently contributes to failed fixation and poor clinical results. The purpose of this study was to report the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), functional results, and postoperative complications obtained with straight third-generation antegrade nailing of proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) in elderly patients.

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty versus nonoperative treatment for 3- or 4-part proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Background: Proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) are among the most common fractures in elderly patients, but there is insufficient evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine which interventions are the most appropriate for their management. To date, no RCT has directly compared reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) with nonoperative treatment for 3- or 4-part PHFs in elderly patients.

Methods: This was a prospective RCT.

Check-control of inflammation displayed by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising treatment of different musculoskeletal diseases including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Results from different approaches in this treatment have been not conclusive. To analyze factors related to interactions between peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and MSCs and the influence of cellular activation.

Adverse effects of xenogenic scaffolding in the context of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study for repairing full-thickness rotator cuff tears.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the safety and efficacy of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) embedded in a xenogenic scaffold for repairing the supraspinatus tendon.

Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial evaluating patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears (Eudra-CT, 2007-007630-19). Effectiveness was evaluated using the Constant score and a visual analogue pain scale (VAS).

RNA sequencing of mesenchymal stem cells reveals a blocking of differentiation and immunomodulatory activities under inflammatory conditions in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to differentiate into different types of cells of the mesenchymal lineage, such as osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. It is also known that under inflammatory stimuli or in the appropriate experimental conditions, they can also act as regulators of inflammation. Thus, in addition to their regenerating potential, their interest has been extended to their possible use in cell therapy strategies for treatment of immune disorders.

Reverse total shoulder arhroplasty for the treatment of failed fixation in proximal humeral fractures.

Background: This study evaluates the clinical outcomes in patients with proximal humerus fractures (PHF) treated with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) as a revision procedure for failed fixation that have more than 5 years of follow-up.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective study of 270 RTSA. The inclusion criteria for this study consisted of patients initially treated with either open reduction and plate fixation (ORIF) or fixation using an intramedullary nail (IMN), who were managed with a single-stage revision to a RTSA, and had a minimum of 24 months clinical and radiological follow-up.