Methadone treatment, bruxism, and temporomandibular disorders among male prisoners.

There is little information on bruxism related to illicit drug use. Prolonged drug use may damage the stomatognathic system via oral motor overactivity. The aim of the present study was to compare the rates of bruxism and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) between prisoners with and without drug-use disorders, to evaluate the association between methadone treatment and bruxism and to assess the possible relationship between bruxism and pain.

Salt stress aggravates boron toxicity symptoms in banana leaves by impairing guttation.

Boron (B) is known to accumulate in the leaf margins of different plant species, arguably a passive consequence of enhanced transpiration at the ends of the vascular system. However, transpiration rate is not the only factor affecting ion distribution. We examine an alternative hypothesis, suggesting the participation of the leaf bundle sheath in controlling radial water and solute transport from the xylem to the mesophyll in analogy to the root endodermis.

Functional anatomy controls ion distribution in banana leaves: significance of Na+ seclusion at the leaf margins.

Typical salt stress symptoms appear in banana (Musa sp., cv. 'Grand Nain' AAA) only along the leaf margins.