Advancing Pain Understanding and Drug Discovery: Insights from Preclinical Models and Recent Research Findings.

Despite major advancements in our understanding of its fundamental causes, pain-both acute and chronic-remains a serious health concern. Various preclinical investigations utilizing diverse animal, cellular, and alternative models are required and frequently demanded by regulatory approval bodies to bridge the gap between the lab and the clinic. Investigating naturally occurring painful disorders can speed up medication development at the preclinical and clinical levels by illuminating molecular pathways.

Insights into Intra Periodontal Pocket Pathogenesis, Treatment, In Vitro-In Vivo Models, Products and Patents, Challenges and Opportunity.

Periodontal disease is a multifactorial pathogenic condition involving microbial infection, inflammation, and various systemic complications. Here, a systematic and comprehensive review discussing key-points such as the pros and cons of conventional methods, new advancements, challenges, patents and products, and future prospects is presented. A systematic review process was adopted here by using the following keywords: periodontal diseases, pathogenesis, models, patents, challenges, recent developments, and 3-D printing scaffolds.

Antidiabetic and antiulcer activity of methanolic extract of Tradescantia spathacea in rats.

The present study was designed to assess Tradescantia spathacea's antidiabetic ability, as well as the antiulcer activity of the entire plant extract. The diabetic condition was evaluated using Streptozotocin's oral glucose tolerance test, diabetes-alloxan and diabetes-models. Antiulcer activities were observed in rats where gastric ulcers were either caused by oral administration of ethanol, or pyloric ligation.

Development and Optimization of Proniosomal Formulation of Irbesartan Using a Box-Behnken Design to Enhance Oral Bioavailability: Physicochemical Characterization and Assessment.

This research work aimed to develop and evaluate proniosomes for the oral delivery of the lipophilic drug Irbesartan (IRB) to improve its solubility and bioavailability. Proniosomes of Irbesartan were formulated using a lipid, surfactant, and carrier by a slurry method. Based on the prepared preliminary trial batches and their evaluation, the formulation was optimized by employing a Box-Behnken design (BBD) in which concentrations of span 60 (), cholesterol (), and mannitol () were used as three independent variables and the vesicular size (VS) (), % entrapment efficiency (% EE) (), and % cumulative drug release (% CDR) () were used as dependent variables.

Application of 3 factorial design for loratadine-loaded nanosponge in topical gel formulation: comprehensive in-vitro and ex vivo evaluations.

Loratadine (LoR) is a highly lipophilic and practically insoluble in water, hence having a low oral bioavailability. As it is formulated as topical gel, it competitively binds with the receptors, thus reducing the side-effects. The objective of this study was to prepare LoR loaded nanosponge (LoR-NS) in gel for topical delivery.

and evaluation of antifungal bioactive compounds from sp. strain 130 against .

spp. are considered excellent reservoirs of natural bioactive compounds. The study evaluated the bioactive potential of secondary metabolites from sp.

An Integrated Computational and Experimental Approach to Formulate Tamanu Oil Bigels as Anti-Scarring Agent.

Tamanu oil has traditionally been used to treat various skin problems. The oil has wound-healing and skin-regenerating capabilities and encourages the growth of new skin cells, all of which are helpful for fading scars and hyperpigmentation, as well as promoting an all-around glow. The strong nutty odor and high viscosity are the major disadvantages associated with its application.

Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among adolescents in Najran City, Saudi Arabia.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of malocclusions and the need for orthodontic treatment in a sample of school-going adolescents in the Najran city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1094 school-going Saudi male adolescents. The age range of the sampled adolescents was 13-18 years, and none of them had any history of orthodontic treatment.

Phytocompound screening, antioxidant activity and molecular docking studies of pomegranate seed: a preventive approach for SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.

A global hazard to public health has been generated by the coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19), which is spreading quickly. Pomegranate is a strong source of antioxidants and has demonstrated a number of pharmacological characteristics. This work was aimed to analyze the phytochemicals present in ethanolic pomegranate seed extract (PSE) and their in vitro antioxidant potential and further in-silico evaluation for antiviral potential against crystal structure of two nucleocapsid proteins i.

Ameliorative Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Leaves in Combination with Curcumin against PTZ-Induced Kindled Epilepsy in Rats: In Vivo and In Silico.

The ameliorative effect of ethanolic extract of (MOEE) leaves in combination with curcumin against seizures, cognitive impairment, and oxidative stress in the molecular docking of PTZ-induced kindled rats was performed to predict the potential phytochemical effects of MOEE and curcumin against epilepsy. The effect of pretreatment with leaves of ethanolic extracts (MOEE) (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, orally), curcumin (200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, orally), valproic acid used as a standard (100 mg/kg), and the combined effect of MOEE (250 mg/kg) and curcumin (200 mg/kg) at a low dose on Pentylenetetrazole was used for (PTZ)-induced kindling For the development of kindling, individual Wistar rats (male) were injected with pentyletetrazole (40 mg/kg, i.p.

Proniosomal Gel-Loaded Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors (Sildenafil, Vardenafil, and Tadalafil): Prospects for Topical Penile Therapy of Tadalafil for Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction.

Oral phosphodiesterase inhibitors have emerged as a game changer for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) since attaining FDA approval for its first member, sildenafil, in 1998. Topical penile therapy could be a viable replacement for oral medication that would transform the treatment of ED for many decades to come. This innovative idea could offer a safer topical alternative with less vision and cardiovascular side effects than the oral route.

A Box-Behnken Extraction Design and Hepatoprotective Effect of Isolated Eupalitin-3--Galactopyranoside from Linn.

The objectives of this study were to optimize and quantify the maximum percentage yield of eupalitin-3--galactopyranosidefrom leaves using response surface methodology (RSM), as well as to demonstrate the hepatoprotective benefits of the bioactive compound. The Box-Behnken experimental design was utilized to optimize the eupalitin-3----galactopyranoside extraction procedure, which also looked at the extraction duration, temperature, and solvent concentration as independent variables. leaves were extracted, and -hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water were used to fractionate the dried extracts.

Strong Selectional Forces Fine-Tune CpG Content in Genes Involved in Neurological Disorders as Revealed by Codon Usage Patterns.

Neurodegenerative disorders cause irreversible damage to the neurons and adversely affect the quality of life. Protein misfolding and their aggregation in specific parts of the brain, mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium load, proteolytic stress, and oxidative stress are among the causes of neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, altered metabolism has been associated with neurodegeneration as evidenced by reductions in glutamine and alanine in transient global amnesia patients, higher homocysteine-cysteine disulfide, and lower methionine decline in serum urea have been observed in Alzheimer's disease patients.

Synthesis of New Pyrazole Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Agents with Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity.

Aims: The study aims to synthesize hybrid molecules containing pyrazole and aryldiazenyl/arylhydrazono fragments with promising anticancer activity.

Background: The clinical effectiveness of anticancer drugs is limited by their adverse side effects and patient resistance. Therefore, the development of safer classes of drugs through rational drug design is imperative.

Structural Modification, , , , and Exploration of Pyrimidine and Pyrrolidine Cores for Targeting Enzymes Associated with Neuroinflammation and Cholinergic Deficit in Alzheimer's Disease.

To obtain a multipotent framework that can target simultaneously COX-2, 5-LOX, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) to treat neuroinflammation, a series of derivatives containing pyrimidine and pyrrolidine cores were rationally synthesized and evaluated. Pyrazoline-pyrimidine hybrid (), (3-acetylcoumarin derivative of pyrrolidin-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide (), and tacrine derivatives of (pyrrolidin-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide (, ) displayed excellent COX-2 inhibition having IC value in the nanomolar range. Tacrine-pyrrolidine hybrids and , and tacrine-pyrimidine hybrid () emerged as the most potent AChE inhibitors with IC values of 23, 16, and 2 nM, respectively.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel Pyrazolo[5,1-]thiazole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial and Anticancer Agents.

The pharmacological activities of thiazole and pyrazole moieties as antimicrobial and anticancer agents have been thoroughly described in many literature reviews. In this study, a convenient synthesis of novel pyrazolo[5,1-]thiazole-based heterocycles was carried out. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, H and C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

Anticolon Cancer Properties of Pyrazole Derivatives Acting through Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition.

Background: Pyrazoles are an interesting class of compounds showing potent anticancer activities. Our previous studies have demonstrated the potent anticancer activity of pyrazole analogues. Therefore, we focused on developing anticancer agents through structure optimization of the pyrazolyl lead molecule.

Design, synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel 2-aminothiophene containing cyclic and heterocyclic moieties.

One of the major challenges in the community and healthcare was an impedance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics. This work developed 2-aminothiophene derivatives as novel antimicrobial agents. Various 2-aminothiophene derivatives (3a-f, 5a-c, 6a, b, 7, 8a, b and 9) with cyclic and heterocyclic moieties at 5-position were synthesized, and characterized using NMR, IR, and mass spectroscopic techniques.

A new hypertonic saline assay for analgesic screening in mice: effects of animal strain, sex, and diurnal phase.

Purpose: There exists a pressing need for the identification of novel analgesics. We recently reported on a new preclinical assay for rapid analgesic screening based on intraplantar (i.pl.

WhatsApp-assisted Oral Health Education and Motivation: A Preliminary Randomized Clinical Trial.

Aim: The study aimed to assess the efficacy of using WhatsApp instant messages in enhancing the oral hygiene in patients with gingivitis.

Materials And Methods: Forty-three systemically healthy male dental patients with gingivitis were recruited consecutively and randomly divided into two groups: WhatsApp group ( = 24) and a control group ( = 19). At baseline visit, the participants were educated and motivated about oral health and given a folio on instructions about the oral hygiene preventive measures.

Global Dental Publications in PubMed Databases between 2009 and 2019-A Bibliometric Analysis.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the publications in the field of dentistry on the PubMed database over a span of 10 years, from 2009 to 2019. Articles published between January 2009 to December 2019 were searched for in the MEDLINE database via PubMed. Data analysis was done using -base packages, including the specialized -packages Bibliometrix and String.

Benzothiazoles as potential antiviral agents.

Objectives: The recent viral pandemic poses a unique challenge for healthcare providers. Despite the remarkable progress, the number of novel antiviral agents in the pipeline is woefully inadequate against the evolving virulence and drug resistance of current viruses. This highlights the urgent need for new and improved vaccines, diagnostics and therapeutic agents to obviate the viral pandemic.

IgG4-Related Disease coexisting with Behçet's Disease.

We describe a case of Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) coexisting with Behçet's disease. A 49-year-old man, with a diagnosis of Behçet's Disease for 15 years who was found to have an acute kidney injury. His investigations revealed an elevated IgG4 level and the abdominal computerized tomography showed a retroperitoneal mass, which was diagnosed to be IgG4-RD based on histology.

Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, Cytotoxic Activity Screening and UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS Metabolites Determination of Bioactive Fractions of .

(Forssk.) DC. is a prostrate or pendent dark green succulent herb found in the southwestern mountain regions of Saudi Arabia.