Investigating the potential role of T helper 17 cells among women experiencing overweight and obesity and their possible therapeutic targeting of the RORγt molecule.

Obesity is a growing healthcare problem globally. In Saudi Arabia, 24% of adults aged 15 years and above have been living with Obesity. It is considered a chronic inflammatory condition that is linked to a wide range of disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases.

Synthesis and evaluation of vanillin Schiff bases as potential antimicrobial agents against ESBL-producing bacteria: towards novel interventions in antimicrobial stewardship.

The escalating challenge of antimicrobial resistance necessitates the development of novel antibacterial agents. In this study, a series of five vanillin Schiff bases (SB-1 to SB-5) were synthesized from vanillin and various aromatic amines. The chemical structures of these compounds were characterized using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( -NMR), carbon-13 NMR ( -NMR), and mass spectrometry techniques.

Dengue virus infection in Saudi Arabia from 2003 to 2023: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Dengue virus (DENV) remains one of the most common arboviral infections threatening humans. This study was conducted to systematically review the available literature and provide an updated overview of the overall prevalence of DENV infection in Saudi Arabia. The prevalence data was pooled from 21,891 participants recruited in 17 studies.

Isolation and characterization of pathogenic strains from lettuce: a potential source of antibiotic resistance and development of a mathematical model for ANOVA results.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of contamination in raw lettuce from Risalpur, Pakistan, and to analyze the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolated strains. The presence of foodborne pathogens such as poses significant public health risks, particularly in regions with suboptimal hygiene practices and improper food handling.

Methods: Lettuce samples were collected from various sources in Risalpur and screened for .

Seroprevalence of brucellosis among high-risk individuals in Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

Background And Aim: Brucellosis is a highly contagious, neglected zoonotic disease of major importance worldwide. The disease is endemic in many countries, burdening healthcare systems and the livestock industry and representing a persistent public health concern in these countries. Brucellosis is considered an important occupational hazard for livestock workers.

Prognostic impact of invariant natural killer T cells in solid and hematological tumors; systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are an immune subset that purportedly link the adaptive and the innate arms of the immune system. Importantly, iNKT cells contribute to anti-cancer immunity in different types of hematological and solid malignancies by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, using such cells in treating different type of tumors would be an ideal candidate for cancer immunotherapy.

Free sugar intake is associated with reduced proportion of circulating invariant natural killer T cells among women experiencing overweight and obesity.

Background: Higher prevalence of obesity has been observed among women compared to men, which can be explained partly by the higher consumption of sweets and physical inactivity. Obesity can alter immune cell infiltration, and therefore increase the susceptibility to develop chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between free sugar intake and other unhealthy lifestyle habits in relation to the proportion of circulating iNKT cells among women with healthy weight and women experiencing overweight and obesity.

Artificial intelligence in healthcare: combining deep learning and Bayesian optimization to forecast COVID-19 confirmed cases.

Healthcare is a topic of significant concern within the academic and business sectors. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a considerable effect on the health of people worldwide. The rapid increase in cases adversely affects a nation's economy, public health, and residents' social and personal well-being.

Novel antimicrobial peptides identified in legume plant, .

One of the major issues in healthcare today is antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), a subclass of host defense peptides, have been suggested as a viable solution for the multidrug resistance problem. Legume plants express more than 700 nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides.

Robust memory humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the tonsils of adults and children.

Background: Adaptive humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 has mainly been evaluated in peripheral blood. Human secondary lymphoid tissues (such as tonsils) contain large numbers of plasma cells that secrete immunoglobulins at mucosal sites. Yet, the role of mucosal memory immunity induced by vaccines or natural infection against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants is not fully understood.

Pinostrobin attenuates azoxymethane-induced colorectal cytotoxicity in rats through augmentation of apoptotic Bax/Bcl-2 proteins and antioxidants.

Objectives: Pinostrobin (5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone; PN) is a natural active ingredient with numerous biological activities extensively utilized in tumour chemotherapy. The present study investigates the chemo-preventive potentials of PN on azoxymethane-mediated colonic aberrant crypt foci in rats.

Methods: Sprague Dawley rats clustered into five groups, normal control (A) and cancer controls were subcutaneously injected with normal saline and 15 mg/kg azoxymethane, respectively, and nourished on 10% tween 20 and fed on 10% tween 20; reference control (C), injected with 15 mg/kg azoxymethane and injected (intraperitoneal) with 35 mg/kg 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); D and E rat groups received a subcutaneous injection of 15 mg/kg azoxymethane and nourished on 30 and 60 mg/kg of PN, respectively.

Pooled rates and demographics of POTS following SARS-CoV-2 infection versus COVID-19 vaccination: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To address recent concerns of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) occurring after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus as of 1st June 2023. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of pooled POTS rate in SARS-CoV-2-infected and COVID-19-vaccinated groups from epidemiological studies, followed by subgroup analyses by characteristic.

Evaluating the Sensitivity of Different Molecular Techniques for Detecting Complex in Patients with Pulmonary Infection.

This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of detecting drug-resistant complex (MTBC)-specific DNA in sputum specimens from 48 patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. The presence of MTBC DNA in the specimens was validated using the GeneXpert MTB/RIF system and compared with a specific PCR assay targeting the IS and the 40 gene sequence fragments. Additionally, the results obtained by multiplex PCR assays to detect the most frequently encountered rifampin, isoniazid, and ethambutol resistance-conferring mutations were matched with those obtained by GeneXpert and phenotypic culture-based drug susceptibility tests.

Identification of Gut Microbiota Profile Associated with Colorectal Cancer in Saudi Population.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health concern. Microbial dysbiosis and associated metabolites have been associated with CRC occurrence and progression. This study aims to analyze the gut microbiota composition and the enriched metabolic pathways in patients with late-stage CRC.

Insights on Covid-19 with superimposed pulmonary histoplasmosis: The possible nexus.

A novel coronavirus (CoV) known as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV type 2 is the causative agent for the development of CoV disease 2019 (Covid-19). Covid-19 may increase the risk of developing pulmonary histoplasmosis due to immune dysregulation. In addition, Covid-19 may enhance the propagation of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis due to lung injury and inflammation, and using corticosteroids in severely affected Covid-19 patients may reactivate latent pulmonary histoplasmosis.

Boric Acid (Boron) Attenuates AOM-Induced Colorectal Cancer in Rats by Augmentation of Apoptotic and Antioxidant Mechanisms.

Boric acid (BA) is a naturally occurring weak Lewis acid containing boron, oxygen, and hydrogen elements that can be found in water, soil, and plants. Because of its numerous biological potentials including anti-proliferation actions, the present investigates the chemopreventive possessions of BA on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rats. Thirty laboratory rats were divided into 5 groups: negative control (A) received two subcutaneous inoculations of normal saline and nourished on 10% Tween 20; groups B-E had two injections of 15 mg/kg azoxymethane followed by ingestion of 10% Tween 20 (B, cancer control), inoculation with intraperitoneal 35 mg/kg 5-fluorouracil injection (C, reference group), or ingested with boric acid 30 mg/kg (D) and 60 mg/kg (E).

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial uropathogens among adult patients in Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is considered one of the most prevalent infections that may lead to many renal complications. They account for almost 10% of all infections in Saudi Arabia, making them the second most common cause of emergency department admissions. Bacterial pathogens, primarily Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp.

Epidemiological Characteristics and Outcomes Predictors for Intensive Care Unit COVID-19 Patients in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: The global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) increased the demand for intensive care unit (ICU) services. Mortality and morbidity rates among ICU COVID-19 patients are affected by several factors, such as severity, comorbidities, and coinfections. In this study, we describe the demographic characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted to an ICU in Saudi Arabia, and we determined the predictors for mortality and prolonged ICU length of stay.

Gut Microbial and Associated Metabolite Markers for Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis.

Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of mortality worldwide. Considerable evidence indicates that dysbiosis of the gut microbial community and its metabolite secretions play a fundamental role in advanced adenoma (ADA) and CRC development and progression. This study is a systematic review that aims to assess the clinical association between gut microbial markers and/or gut and circulating metabolites with ADA and CRC.

Phytochemistry, antioxidant, anticancer, and acute toxicity of traditional medicinal food Biarum bovei (Kardeh).

Background: The Biarum species (Kardeh) has been consumed as a traditional functional food and medicine for decades. The current study investigates the phytochemistry, in-vitro and in-vivo bioactivities of methanol extracts of B. bovei.

Acute Infection Prevalence Among Renal Failure Patients and Its Potential Roles with Other Chronic Diseases: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: () infection is relevant to several chronic human diseases, from digestive diseases to renal, metabolic, and cancer diseases. infections and chronic kidney diseases are in increasing, global records; if not well controlled in a specific population, these diseases might lead to more clinical complications.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we investigated the prevalence of acute infections among 127 dialysis patients via subjecting their serums to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the human Immunoglobulin M (IgM) against infections.

A Pituitary Abscess Caused by Morganella morganii: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Pituitary abscess (PA) is a rare pituitary lesion accounting for less than 1% of all pituitary diseases and is associated with high mortality rates. The non-specific clinical symptoms and radiological features preclude accurate diagnosis of the disease. Hence, surgical intervention is still considered the criterion standard method for PA diagnosis.

Seroprevalence of community-acquired atypical bacterial pneumonia among adult COVID-19 patients from a single center in Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To investigate the seroprevalence of the community-acquired bacterial that causes atypical pneumonia among confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) patients.

Methods: In this cohort study, we retrospectively investigated the seroprevalence of , , and among randomly selected 189 confirmed COVID-19 patients at their time of hospital presentation via commercial immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies against these bacteria. We also carried out quantitative measurements of procalcitonin in patients' serum.

Mechanistic Insight into the Enzymatic Inhibition of β-Amyrin against Mycobacterial Rv1636: In Silico and In Vitro Approaches.

has seen tremendous success as it has developed defenses to reside in host alveoli despite various host-related stress circumstances. Rv1636 is a universal stress protein contributing to mycobacterial survival in different host-derived stress conditions. Both ATP and cAMP can be bound with the Rv1636, and their binding actions are independent of one another.