Detecting B-cell lymphoma-6 overexpression status in primary central nervous system lymphoma using multiparametric MRI-based machine learning.

Purpose: In primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), B-cell lymphoma-6 (BCL-6) is an unfavorable prognostic biomarker. We aim to non-invasively detect BCL-6 overexpression in PCNSL patients using multiparametric MRI and machine learning techniques.

Methods: 65 patients (101 lesions) with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) diagnosed from January 2013 to July 2023, and all patients were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set according to a ratio of 8 to 2.

Discovery of a Noncovalent Cell-Penetrating Bicyclic Peptide Inhibitor Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease.

Macrocyclic peptides have garnered significant attention as promising drug candidates. However, they typically face challenges in achieving and enhancing cell permeability for access to intracellular targets. In this study, we focused on the screening of macrocyclic peptide inhibitors against the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 and identified novel noncovalently bound macrocyclic peptides that effectively inhibit proteolytic activity.

Measurement of Healthy Adult Brain Temperature Using H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Thermometry.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to measure the brain temperature (T) by using H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H MRS) thermometry and investigate its age and gender differences in healthy adults. The brain temperature was further compared with the body temperature (T) to investigate the possible existence of brain-body temperature gradient (∆T).

Methods: A total of 80 subjects were included in this study.

Brain regions differences in amyloid-β and gene expression in early APP/PS1 mice and identification ofNpas4 as a key molecule in Alzheimer's disease.

Distinct brain regions are differentially affected during the various stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the hippocampus and cortex are known to play significant roles, the involvement of the cerebellum has received less attention. Understanding the changes in diverse brain regions is essential to unravel the neuropathological mechanism in early-stage AD.

PepExplainer: An explainable deep learning model for selection-based macrocyclic peptide bioactivity prediction and optimization.

Macrocyclic peptides possess unique features, making them highly promising as a drug modality. However, evaluating their bioactivity through wet lab experiments is generally resource-intensive and time-consuming. Despite advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) for bioactivity prediction, challenges remain due to limited data availability and the interpretability issues in deep learning models, often leading to less-than-ideal predictions.

PepScaf: Harnessing Machine Learning with In Vitro Selection toward De Novo Macrocyclic Peptides against IL-17C/IL-17RE Interaction.

The combination of library-based screening and artificial intelligence (AI) has been accelerating the discovery and optimization of hit ligands. However, the potential of AI to assist in de novo macrocyclic peptide ligand discovery has yet to be fully explored. In this study, an integrated AI framework called PepScaf was developed to extract the critical scaffold relative to bioactivity based on a vast dataset from an initial in vitro selection campaign against a model protein target, interleukin-17C (IL-17C).

The type IX secretion system: Insights into its function and connection to glycosylation in .

The recently discovered type IX secretion system (T9SS) is limited to the Bacteroidetes phylum. , a member of the Bacteroidetes phylum widely spread in soil, has complete orthologs of T9SS components and many T9SS substrates. can efficiently degrade crystalline cellulose using a novel strategy, in which bacterial cells must be in direct contact with cellulose.

Implications of N7-hydrogen and C8-keto on the base pairing, mutagenic potential and repair of 8-oxo-2'-deoxy-adenosine: Investigation by nucleotide analogues.

Oxidative lesions, such as 8-oxo-dG and 8-oxo-dA, are continuously generated from exposure to reactive oxygen species. While 8-oxo-dG has been extensively studied, 8-oxo-dA has not received as much attention until recently. Herein, we report the synthesis of duplex DNAs incorporating dA, 8-oxo-dA, 7-deaza-dA, 8-Br-dA, and 8-Br-7-deaza-dA, which have different substitutions at 7- and 8-position, for the investigation into the implications of N7-hydrogen and C8-keto on the base pairing preference, mutagenic potential and repair of 8-oxo-dA.

The impairment of the hippocampal neuro-vascular unit precedes changes in spatial cognition in naturally aged rats.

Ageing is the major risk factor for the most neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Damage to neurovascular components (microvessels, glia, and neurons) occurs with ageing and is suspected to exacerbate or cause mild cognitive impairment (MCI), vascular dementia, and AD. However, whether vascular cells, glia, and neurons change synchronously or asynchronously during ageing is unclear, and the relationship between complex dynamic pathophysiological changes in the brain and cognitive ability needs to be further studied.

Cytophaga hutchinsonii chu_2177, encoding the O-antigen ligase, is essential for cellulose degradation.

Cytophaga hutchinsonii can efficiently degrade crystalline cellulose, in which the cell surface cellulases secreted by the type IX secretion system (T9SS) play important roles, but the degradation mechanism remains unclear, and the anchor mechanism of cellulases on the outer membrane in C. hutchinsonii has not been studied. Here, chu_2177 was identified by transposon mutagenesis and was proved to be indispensable for cellulose utilization in C.

Merging the Versatile Functionalities of Boronic Acid with Peptides.

Peptides inherently feature the favorable properties of being easily synthesized, water-soluble, biocompatible, and typically non-toxic. Thus, boronic acid has been widely integrated with peptides with the goal of discovering peptide ligands with novel biological activities, and this effort has led to broad applications. Taking the integration between boronic acid and peptide as a starting point, we provide an overview of the latest research advances and highlight the versatile and robust functionalities of boronic acid.

-Glycosylation of a Cargo Protein C-Terminal Domain Recognized by the Type IX Secretion System in Cytophaga hutchinsonii Affects Protein Secretion and Localization.

Cytophaga hutchinsonii is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the phylum . It digests crystalline cellulose with an unknown mechanism and possesses a type IX secretion system (T9SS) that can recognize the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the cargo protein as a signal. In this study, the functions of the CTD in the secretion and localization of T9SS substrates in were studied by fusing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) with the CTD from CHU_2708.

Ferulic Acid Ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathology and Repairs Cognitive Decline by Preventing Capillary Hypofunction in APP/PS1 Mice.

Brain capillaries are crucial for cognitive functions by supplying oxygen and other nutrients to and removing metabolic wastes from the brain. Recent studies have demonstrated that constriction of brain capillaries is triggered by beta-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers via endothelin-1 (ET1)-mediated action on the ET1 receptor A (ETRA), potentially exacerbating Aβ plaque deposition, the primary pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, direct evidence is still lacking whether changes in brain capillaries are causally involved in the pathophysiology of AD.

SprA and SprT Are Essential Components of the Type IX Secretion System Required for Ca Acquisition, Cellulose Degradation, and Cell Motility.

The type IX secretion system (T9SS) is a novel protein secretion system, which is found in and confined to the phylum . T9SS is involved in the secretion of virulence factors, cell surface adhesins, and complex biopolymer degrading enzymes to the cell surface or extracellular medium. is a widely distributed bacterium, which is able to efficiently digest cellulose and rapidly glide along the solid surfaces.