Shear-Mediated Stabilization of Spin Spiral Order in Multiferroic NiI.

Type-II multiferroicity from non-collinear spin order is recently explored in the van der Waals material NiI. Despite the importance for improper ferroelectricity, the microscopic mechanism of the helimagnetic order remains poorly understood. Here, the magneto-structural phases of NiI are investigated using resonant magnetic X-ray scattering (RXS) and X-ray diffraction.

Use of generative large language models for patient education on common surgical conditions: a comparative analysis between ChatGPT and Google Gemini.

There is a growing importance for patients to easily access information regarding their medical conditions to improve their understanding and participation in health care decisions. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has proven as a fast, efficient, and effective tool in educating patients regarding their health care conditions. The aim of the study is to compare the responses provided by AI tools, ChatGPT and Google Gemini, to assess for conciseness and understandability of information provided for the medical conditions Deep vein thrombosis, decubitus ulcers, and hemorrhoids.

Macular, choroidal and disc associations across women's reproductive life stages: a scoping review from menarche to post-menopause.

Oestrogen and progesterone fluctuate cyclically in women throughout their adult lives. Although these hormones cross the blood-retinal barrier and bind to intraocular receptors, their effects remain unclear. We present the first review to date on associations between posterior pole structures-specifically the macula, choroid, and optic disc-and both the menstrual cycle and post-menopausal period, utilising multimodal imaging techniques in healthy adult non-pregnant women.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients Undergoing 3 Aortic Valve Interventions: The THIRD Multicenter Registry.

Background: Lifetime treatment of aortic valve disease is a matter of increasing debate. Although the risks of a second aortic valve intervention are recognized, little attention has been given to the challenges of a third.

Objectives: This study delves into the clinical characteristics, indications, and outcomes of patients undergoing 3 aortic valve interventions.

Risk of Vertebral Fracture in Individuals with End-Stage Renal Disease Secondary to Vasculitis.

Background: Glucocorticoids are central to vasculitis treatment but increase vertebral fracture risk. This study assessed whether vasculitis as the cause of ESRD is associated with incident vertebral fracture, controlling for corticosteroid use.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2006-2019 on adults in the U.

A Review of Emerging Evidence and Clinical Applications of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) is a medical treatment that involves administering 100% oxygen at increased atmospheric pressure to enhance oxygen delivery to tissues. Initially developed for decompression sickness, HBOT has since been utilized for a wide range of medical conditions, including severe infections, non-healing wounds, and, more recently, COVID-19. This review explores the historical development of HBOT, its principles, its emerging role in the management of and its outcome as treatment in COVID-19, particularly in mitigating inflammation, hypoxemia, and oxidative stress.

Engineering vaginal film platform for mucoadhesion and sustained drug release for HIV-1 prevention.

User adherence contributes to the effectiveness of topical pre-exposure prophylactic products designed to protect against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Long-acting approaches that do not require daily or coitally-dependent use could potentially improve user adherence. This study aims to develop a long-acting vaginal film to deliver an integrase inhibitor, MK-2048, for prevention of HIV-1 infection.

The impact of neoadjuvant therapy in patients with left-sided resectable pancreatic cancer: an international multicenter study.

Purpose: To assess the association between neoadjuvant therapy and overall survival (OS) in patients with left-sided resectable pancreatic cancer (RPC) compared to upfront surgery.

Background: Left-sided pancreatic cancer is associated with worse OS compared to right-sided pancreatic cancer. Although neoadjuvant therapy is currently seen as not effective in patients with RPC, current randomized trials included mostly patients with right-sided RPC.

Optimizing Etodolac and Quercetin Loaded MSNs Using Taguchi Design: An approach for Enhancing Drug Loading Efficiency.

The application of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) as a drug carrier system got immense attention in the past few years due to their exceptional high drug loading efficiency. However, the process of drug loading is quite challenging compared to other lipid-based drug delivery systems. Hence, the MSNs using different catalysts were synthesized, and their mesoporous material characteristic was confirmed by the type IV adsorption-desorption isotherm using BET analyzer.

From Hero to Zero: A Single Center Retrospective Review of the Utility of Routine Physical Crossmatching.

Pre-transplantation HLA antibody testing is necessary to assess compatibility between donor and recipient pairs. Over the past decade, the virtual crossmatch (VXM) has replaced the physical crossmatch (PXM) as the main assessment of pre-transplant histocompatibility. At our center, most transplants have proceeded based solely on the VXM, followed by a retrospective PXM.

Bone lesion cryotherapy: pictorial review and review of current evidence.

Over the last two decades the development of small probes has enabled percutaneous use of cryotherapy. Cryotherapy, also known as cryoablation, enables the treatment of much larger lesions than other thermal ablation techniques, particularly when using multiple evenly spaced probes. Using rapid cooling to as low as -200 degrees Celsius (at the tip of the probe), reliable, and predictable necrosis can be induced.

Real-time control of radiofrequency ablation using three-dimensional ultrasound echo decorrelation imaging in normal and diseasedhuman liver.

Ultrasound echo decorrelation imaging can successfully monitor and control thermal ablation of animal liver and tumor tissue ex vivo and in vivo. However, normal and diseased human liver has substantially different physical properties that affect echo decorrelation. Here, effects of human liver tissue condition on ablation guidance by three-dimensional echo decorrelation imaging are elucidated in experiments testing closed-loop control of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in normal and diseased human liver tissue ex vivo.

Digital Mammography, Tomosynthesis, and Contrast-Enhanced Mammography: Intraindividual Comparison of Mean Glandular Dose for Screening Examinations.

Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) is growing in clinical use due to its increased sensitivity and specificity compared to full-field digital mammography (FFDM) and/or digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), particularly in patients with dense breasts. To perform an intraindividual comparison of MGD between FFDM, DBT, a combination protocol using both FFDM and DBT (combined FFDM-DBT), and CEM, in patients undergoing breast cancer screening. This retrospective study included 389 women (median age, 57.

Kisspeptin and Neurokinin B: roles in reproductive health.

Kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB) play a key role in several physiological processes including in puberty, adult reproductive function including the menstrual cycle, as well as mediating the symptoms of menopause. Infundibular kisspeptin neurons, which co-express NKB, regulate the activity of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, and thus the physiological pulsatile secretion of GnRH from the hypothalamus. Outside of their hypothalamic reproductive roles, these peptides are implicated in several physiological functions including sexual behavior and attraction, placental function, and bone health.

A combination regimen of Intravitreal clindamycin with dexamethasone, systemic co-trimoxazole and steroids for macular Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis in immunocompetent cases.

Purpose: To study the role of intravitreal clindamycin with dexamethasone as an adjuvant to systemic co-trimoxazole and steroids in macular Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis.

Methods: Retrospective study of Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis cases from January 2014 to December 2021 treated with a combination of oral and intravitreal therapy in immunocompetent patients.

Results: 39 eyes of 39 patients were included in this study after meeting the inclusion criteria with the mean age of presentation being 25.

Tuning the electronic structure and SMSI by integrating trimetallic sites with defective ceria for the CO reduction reaction.

Heterogeneous catalysts have emerged as a potential key for closing the carbon cycle by converting carbon dioxide (CO) into value-added chemicals. In this work, we report a highly active and stable ceria (CeO)-based electronically tuned trimetallic catalyst for CO to CO conversion. A unique distribution of electron density between the defective ceria support and the trimetallic nanoparticles (of Ni, Cu, Zn) was established by creating the strong metal support interaction (SMSI) between them.

Artificial Intelligence-Guided Lung Ultrasound by Nonexperts.

Importance: Lung ultrasound (LUS) aids in the diagnosis of patients with dyspnea, including those with cardiogenic pulmonary edema, but requires technical proficiency for image acquisition. Previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) in guiding novice users to acquire high-quality cardiac ultrasound images, suggesting its potential for broader use in LUS.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of AI to guide acquisition of diagnostic-quality LUS images by trained health care professionals (THCPs).

Employment Nondiscrimination Protection and Mental Health Among Sexual Minority Adults.

Importance: In the 2020 Bostock v Clayton County decision, the US Supreme Court extended employment nondiscrimination protection to sexual minority adults. The health impacts of this ruling and similar policies related to sexual orientation-based discrimination are not currently known.

Objective: To estimate changes in mental health following the Bostock decision among sexual minority adults in states that gained employment nondiscrimination protection (intervention states) compared with those in states with protections already in place (control states).

Restorative Neurostimulation Therapy Compared to Optimal Medical Management: A Randomized Evaluation (RESTORE) for the Treatment of Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain due to Multifidus Dysfunction.

Introduction: Many interventional strategies are commonly used to treat chronic low back pain (CLBP), though few are specifically intended to target the distinct underlying pathomechanisms causing low back pain. Restorative neurostimulation has been suggested as a specific treatment for mechanical CLBP resulting from multifidus dysfunction. In this randomized controlled trial, we report outcomes from a cohort of patients with CLBP associated with multifidus dysfunction treated with restorative neurostimulation compared to those randomized to a control group receiving optimal medical management (OMM) over 1 year.

Role of Acorus calamus extract in reducing exosome secretion by targeting Rab27a and nSMase2: a therapeutic approach for breast cancer.

Background: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by cells that mediate intercellular communication and actively participate in cancer progression, metastasis, and regulation of immune response within the tumour microenvironment. Inhibiting exosome release from cancer cells could be employed as a therapeutic against cancer.

Methods And Results: In the present study, we have studied the effects of Acorus calamus in inhibiting exosome secretion via targetting Rab27a and neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) in HER2-positive (MDA-MB-453), hormone receptor-positive (MCF-7) and triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells.

Outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy for medium vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke patients with ASPECTS 4-5 vs. 6-7: a retrospective, multicenter, and multinational study.

Introduction: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) efficacy in medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) stroke, particularly in patients with low Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS), remains less explored.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 443 AIS patients treated with MT for MeVO and low ASPECTS (4-7) at 37 centers across North America, Asia, and Europe, from September 2017 to July 2021. Patients were categorized into ASPECTS of 4-5 and 6-7.

Real-World Effectiveness of Long-Acting Injectable and Oral Antipsychotic Agents in US Medicare Patients with Schizophrenia.

Introduction: Daily oral antipsychotics (OAPs) are the mainstay of schizophrenia treatment; however, long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) are associated with better treatment adherence and improved outcomes.

Methods: This study assessed the real-world comparative effectiveness of LAIs and daily OAPs using claims data from a nationally representative sample of fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries with schizophrenia. Antipsychotic discontinuation, psychiatric hospitalization, and treatment failure were compared relative to different reference groups using within-individual Cox regression models.

Host-microbe multi-omics and succinotype profiling have prognostic value for future relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel disorders (IBD), the pathogenesis of which is uncertain but includes genetic susceptibility factors, immune-mediated tissue injury and environmental influences, most of which appear to act via the gut microbiome. We hypothesized that host-microbe alterations could be used to prognostically stratify patients experiencing relapses up to four years after endoscopy. We therefore examined multiple omics data, including published and new datasets, generated from paired inflamed and non-inflamed mucosal biopsies from 142 patients with IBD (54 CD; 88 UC) and from 34 control (non-diseased) biopsies.

Posterior Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy With Versus Without Sparing of the Oblique/Sling Fibers: A Meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Several studies have hypothesized that sparing the oblique/sling fibers during posterior peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) may reduce the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and reflux esophagitis without compromising the established safety and efficacy of the procedure. This study compares perioperative, postoperative motility-related, and postoperative GERD-related outcomes between posterior oblique/sling fibers-sparing POEM (OFS-POEM) and conventional posterior POEM through a pairwise meta-analysis of comparative studies.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines to identify articles directly comparing posterior OFS-POEM with conventional posterior POEM.