A Superinfection of Salmonella typhi and Hepatitis E Virus Causes Biphasic Acute Hepatitis.

A 47-year-old Japanese man was referred to our hospital because of a sustained high fever with diarrhea 12 days after a flight from India. Liver enzymes were elevated with rose spots, hepatosplenomegaly, relative bradycardia, and acute cholecystitis. A liver biopsy depicted the dense infiltration of lymphocytes and Kupffer cells in sinusoids and the granulomatous formation in the parenchyma.

Reexamining the Energy Cost of Sedentary Behaviors From the 2011 Adult Compendium.

Background: This study reexamines the energy cost of lower intensity activities compared to the 2011 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities.

Methods: Participants (n = 32, age = 35 [13.8] y, 16 females) wore a portable metabolic system (COSMED), during 5 different conditions: sitting quietly, watching TV, sitting while working, driving, and walking at 2.

Comparison of Single and Dual Monitoring during Carotid Endarterectomy.

We compared the rate of selective shunt and pattern of monitoring change between single and dual monitoring in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA). A total of 121 patients underwent 128 consecutive CEA procedures. Excluding five procedures using internal shunts in a premeditated manner, we classified patients according to the monitoring: Group A (n = 72), patients with single somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) monitoring; and Group B (n = 51), patients with dual SSEP and motor evoked potential (MEP).

Postoperative recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma is more frequent in patients with blood type A.

Objective: Because of an aging society, the incidence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is increasing. This lesion is treated with simple burr hole irrigation, but one of the major issues is that CSDH frequently recurs. ABO blood type may be associated with a bleeding tendency and inflammation.

Effectiveness of Transvenous Aspiration Thrombectomy for Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: A Report of Three Cases.

Objective: We report three patients successfully treated by emergent transvenous thrombectomy for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST).

Case Presentation: (Case 1) A 77-year-old man presented with vomiting, dizziness, and headache. CT revealed local subarachnoid hemorrhage (l-SAH), and angiography confirmed occlusion of the right transverse sigmoid sinus and superior sagittal sinus (SSS).

Potency of Tokishakuyakusan in treating preeclampsia: Drug repositioning method by in vitro screening of the Kampo library.

Introduction: Preeclampsia therapy has not been established, except for the termination of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to identify a potential therapeutic agent from traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo) using the drug repositioning method.

Materials And Methods: We screened a library of 74 Kampo to identify potential drugs for the treatment of preeclampsia.

Effect of the anti-parasitic compounds pyrvinium pamoate and artemisinin in enzymatic and culture assays: Data on the search for new anti-echinococcal drugs.

The dataset presented herein is related to a previous research article titled "Mitochondrial Complex III in Larval Stage of as a Potential Chemotherapeutic Target and Efficacy of Atovaquone Against Primary Hydatid Cysts" [1]. In this report, data were collected by screening drugs for echinococcosis. We investigated the inhibitory activities of artemisinin and pyrvinium pamoate against the mitochondrial respiratory enzymes in protoscoleces.

p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Is Involved in Interleukin-6 Secretion from Human Ligamentum Flavum-Derived Cells Stimulated by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α.

Study Design: Human ligamentum flavum-derived cells (HFCs) were obtained from surgical samples for a basic experimental study.

Purpose: We sought to evaluate the inflammatory response of human ligamentum flavum cells to investigate hypertrophic changes occurring in the ligamentum flavum.

Overview Of Literature: Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a disease commonly observed in the elderly.

Characterization of microRNAs expressed in the cystic legion of the liver of Mus musculus perorally infected with Echinococcus multilocularis Nemuro strain.

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonosis caused by the metacestode of Echinococcus multilocularis. The published genome of E. multilocularis showed that approximately 86% of its genome is non-coding.

Investigation of drugs affecting hypertension in bevacizumab-treated patients and examination of the impact on the therapeutic effect.

Background: In patients treated with bevacizumab, hypertension may be a biomarker of therapeutic efficacy. However, it is not clear whether drugs that control blood pressure influence bevacizumab's efficacy. In this study, we investigated drugs that may affect hypertension in bevacizumab-treated patients and examined the impact on the therapeutic effect.

Evaluation of leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein as a biomarker of fetal infection.

This study aimed to determine the association between umbilical cord leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein (LRG) and fetal infection and investigate the underlying mechanism of LRG elevation in fetuses. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who delivered at Osaka University Hospital between 2012 and 2017 and selected those with histologically confirmed chorioamnionitis (CAM), which is a common pregnancy complication that may cause neonatal infection. The participants were divided into two groups: CAM with fetal infection (CAM-f[+] group, n = 14) and CAM without fetal infection (CAM-f[-] group, n = 31).

Combination Therapy Using Prothrombin Complex Concentrate and Vitamin K in Anticoagulated Patients with Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage Prevents Progressive Hemorrhagic Injury: A Historically Controlled Study.

Warfarin remains crucially involved in the treatment of patients at thrombotic or thromboembolic risk. However, warfarin increases the mortality rate among patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (TICH) through progressive hemorrhagic injury (PHI). Therefore, a rapid anticoagulation reversal could be required in patients with TICH to prevent PHI.

Cardiogenic cerebral embolism caused by a severe hypoglycemic attack : a case report.

The direct relationship between a hypoglycemic attack and cerebral infarction remains unknown. It has been reported that a hypoglycemic attack can result in takotsubo syndrome, leading to cerebral infarction. We report a case of a cardiogenic cerebral embolism caused by a hypoglycemic attack, with additional literature review.

Occludin-binding single-chain variable fragment and antigen-binding fragment antibodies prevent hepatitis C virus infection.

Occludin (OCLN) is a tetraspan membrane component of epithelial tight junctions and a known receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV). Previously, we established functional monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind to each extracellular loop of OCLN and showed their ability to prevent in vitro and in vivo HCV infection. In this study, we converted these mAbs to corresponding monovalent antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) and single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies.

Status of Institutional Review Board Meetings Conducted Through Web Conference Systems in Japanese National University Hospitals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Questionnaire Study.

Background: With the global proliferation of the novel COVID-19 disease, conventionally conducting institutional review board (IRB) meetings has become a difficult task. Amid concerns about the suspension of drug development due to delays within IRBs, it has been suggested that IRB meetings should be temporarily conducted via the internet.

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the current status of IRB meetings conducted through web conference systems.

Integrative immunogenomic analysis of gastric cancer dictates novel immunological classification and the functional status of tumor-infiltrating cells.

Objectives: A better understanding of antitumor immunity will help predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients and tailor the appropriate therapies in each patient. Therefore, we propose a novel immunological classification of gastric cancer.

Methods: We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES), RNA-Seq and flow cytometry in 29 gastric cancer patients who received surgery.

Spontaneous improvement of secondary empty sella syndrome due to re-expansion of an intrasellar cyst: A case report.

Background: In patients with secondary empty sella syndrome (ESS), optic nerve herniation into the sella turcica is caused by shrinkage of the mass lesion at the sella turcica, resulting in visual disturbance. ESS is often surgically treated using chiasmapexy. Here, we report the first case of spontaneous improvement in a patient with ESS.

Transcatheter Arterial Embolization Using Microspheres for Palliating Pain from Bone Metastasis in a Patient with Cholangiocellular Carcinoma.

A 72-year-old man with intractable left shoulder pain due to bone metastasis from cholangiocellular carcinoma was admitted to our hospital. Computed tomography showed an osteoblastic metastatic lesion of the left scapula. Since the pain persisted even after the administration of opioids and external irradiation, microspheres were injected through a catheter; the catheter tip was placed at the arteries feeding the metastatic lesion.

Impaired HVJ-stimulated Interferon producing capacity in MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis lead to susceptibility to infection.

ANCA-associated RPGN leads to renal failure through systemic vasculitis and diffuse crescentic glomerulonephritis. MPO-ANCA-RPGN patients are highly susceptible to infections. Our aim in this study was to uncover reasons why these patients were susceptible to infections.

Surgical Technique for Carotid Endarterectomy: Current Methods and Problems.

Over the last 60 years, many reports have investigated carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and techniques have thus changed and improved. In this paper, we review the recent literature regarding operational maneuvers for CEA and discuss future problems for CEA. Longitudinal skin incision is common, but the transverse incision has been reported to offer minimal invasiveness and better cosmetic effects for CEA.

One-by-One Comparison of Lymph Nodes Between 18F-FDG Uptake and Pathological Diagnosis in Esophageal Cancer.

Purpose: Esophagectomy with extended lymph node (LN) dissection is a standard treatment for resectable esophageal cancer to prevent recurrence, but severe, potentially life-threatening postoperative complications are still important issues. Accurate diagnosis of LN metastases would enable the decision to dissect or leave the LNs in regions with high risk of complications. Advancements in intraoperative gamma probe and radioactivity detectors have made intraoperative navigation surgery possible using a radiotracer as a marker.

Simultaneous determination of zircon U-Pb age and titanium concentration using LA-ICP-MS: Analysis data and crystallization temperature.

Simultaneous determination of zircon U-Pb age and titanium concentration for a single analysis spot gives both the crystallization age and temperature. In laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis, it is challenging to quantitatively analyse a low level of titanium concentration. Two approaches were employed using a quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a collision/reaction cell (CRC).

Risk factors of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related interstitial lung disease in patients with lung cancer: a single-institution retrospective study.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) elicit antitumour effects by activating the host immunity and cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs). ICI-related interstitial lung disease (ICI-ILD) is a fatal irAE that is difficult to treat; moreover, its incidence is relatively higher in patients with lung cancer. Therefore, early ICI-ILD detection and intervention are important for patient safety.