The role of serum chloride ion in the prognosis of COPD.

Background: As exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are one of the leading causes of hospitalization and are associated with significant mortality, it is particularly important to accurately assess the risk of exacerbations in COPD. Most of the current clinical biomarkers are related to inflammation and few consider how ion levels affect COPD. Chloride ion, the second most abundant serum electrolyte, has been shown to be associated with poor prognoses in several diseases, but their relationship with COPD remains unclear.

The Relationship of Low-Density-Lipoprotein to Lymphocyte Ratio with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has been a concern all over the world because of its high prevalence and mortality. The ratio of low-density-lipoprotein to lymphocyte (LLR) has been widely used to predict the prognosis of cerebral infarction, but its association with COPD is less known. We aim to explore the relationship between LLR and COPD and to investigate its indicative role in the severity and prognosis of COPD.

The Relationship of Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PaCO) with Disease Severity Indicators Such as BODE and GOLD in Hospitalized COPD Patients.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO) with BODE and GOLD in stable COPD subjects and to explore the predictive value of PaCO for severe COPD (BODE index score ≥5 or GOLD index score ≥3). . In total, 80 participants with COPD and free from other conditions affecting PaCO were recruited.

Associations between bone mineral density and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objective: To assess the relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity and bone mineral density (BMD) in the whole body and different body areas.

Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included patients with COPD. Demographic and lung function data, COPD severity scales, BMD, and T scores were collected.