Conserved untranslated regions of multipartite viruses: Natural markers of novel viral genomic components and tags of viral evolution.

Viruses with split genomes are classified as being either segmented or multipartite based on whether their genomic segments occur within a single virion or across different virions. Despite variations in number and sequence during evolution, the genomic segments of many viruses are conserved within the untranslated regions (UTRs). In this study, we present a methodology that combines RNA sequencing with iterative BLASTn of UTRs (https://github.

Identification and complete genome sequence of a novel sadwavirus discovered in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.).

The complete genome sequence of a putative novel member of the genus Sadwavirus was determined by high-throughput sequencing of a chrysanthemum from an orchard of the Tongxiang Agricultural Science Institute in Tongxiang, Zhejiang province. The complete genome sequence was confirmed using RT-PCR and the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. The predicted genome of the putative virus is composed of two RNA molecules, 7016 and 6772 nucleotides in length, excluding their poly-A tails.

First report of grapevine asteroid mosaic-associated virus in grapevines in China.

Grapevine asteroid mosaic-associated virus (GAMaV), a member of the genus Marafivirus of the family Tymoviridae, was first described to infect grapevines in California (Abou Ghanem-Sabanadzovic et al. 2003). Since then, GAMaV has been reported from Greece, Japan, Canada, Uruguay, France, Hungary, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and Russia, and also in some free-living grapevines in North America (Kyriakopoulou, 1991; Morán et al.

Maternal Plasma RNA in First Trimester Nullipara for the Prediction of Spontaneous Preterm Birth ≤ 32 Weeks: Validation Study.

The first-trimester prediction of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) has been elusive, and current screening is heavily dependent on obstetric history. However, nullipara lack a relevant history and are at higher risk for spontaneous (s)PTB ≤ 32 weeks compared to multipara. No available objective first-trimester screening test has proven a fair predictor of sPTB ≤ 32 weeks.

Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Dissecting Interaction between L. and Grapevine Fabavirus.

Grapevine fabavirus (GFabV) is a novel member of the genus associated with chlorotic mottling and deformation symptoms in grapevines. To gain insights into the interaction between GFabV and grapevines, cv. 'Summer Black' infected with GFabV was investigated under field conditions through physiological, agronomic, and multi-omics approaches.

Effect of In Vitro Culture of Long Shoot Tip on Variant Structure and Titer of Grapevine Viruses.

Shoot tip culture is a very effective approach for studying plant viruses. In this study, we evaluated the numbers, diversity, and titer of grapevine viruses in in vitro grapevine plants after long shoot tip culture. Six virus-infected grapevine cultivars (Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Gernischt, Cabernet Sauvignon, Wink, Victoria, and Merlot) collected from six regions of China were used as the research materials.

Detection of Embryonic Trisomy 21 in the First Trimester Using Maternal Plasma Cell-Free RNA.

Prenatal trisomy 21 (T21) screening commonly involves testing a maternal blood sample for fetal DNA aneuploidy. It is reliable but poses a cost barrier to universal screening. We hypothesized maternal plasma RNA screening might provide similar reliability but at a lower cost.

Evaluation of a Maternal Plasma RNA Panel Predicting Spontaneous Preterm Birth and Its Expansion to the Prediction of Preeclampsia.

Preterm birth is the principal contributor to neonatal death and morbidity worldwide. We previously described a plasma cell-free RNA panel that between 16 and 20 weeks of pregnancy had potential to predict spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) ≤ 32 weeks caused by preterm labor (PTL) or preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). The present study had three objectives: estimate the RNA panel prognostic accuracy for PTL/PPROM ≤ 32 weeks in a larger series; improve accuracy by adding clinical characteristics to the predictive model; and examine the association of the RNA panel with preeclampsia.

First report of Vitis cryptic virus from grapevines in China.

Vitis cryptic virus (VCV) was recently identified on wild Vitis coignetiae in Japan in 2021, and was tentatively classified as a new member of the genus Deltapartitivirus, which is consistent with the two-segmented genome encoding RdRp and CP (Nabeshima et al., 2021). In June 2020, a grapevine cv.

Genetic diversity analysis of grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus from grapevine by colony PCR-SSCP and -RFLP.

We have developed methods for detecting the genetic diversity of grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) in the 905 nt 3' sequence. The amplicons were cloned from six grapevine cultivars, and colony polymerase chain reaction (colony PCR) using recombination bacteria was subsequently analyzed by RFLP and SSCP. Four haplotypes of SSCP and six haplotypes of Sac I RFLPs were defined.

High-Throughput Sequencing Indicates a Novel Marafivirus in Grapevine Showing Vein-Clearing Symptoms.

A putative new marafivirus was identified in a 'Jumeigui' grapevine exhibitting obvious vein-clearing symptoms by high-throughput sequencing, which tentatively named grapevine-associated marafivirus (GaMV). The nearly complete genomic sequence of GaMV was amplified by reverse transcription PCR, and the terminal sequences were determined using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends method. The nearly complete genome of GaMV is 6346 bp long, excluding the poly(A) tail, and shows 51.

First Report of Grapevine Kizil Sapak Virus in Grapevine in China.

Grapevine Kizil Sapak virus (GKSV) is a novel member of the family Betaflexiviridae classified into the proposed genus Fivivirus within the subfamily Trivirinae. It was first discovered in USA from a grapevine originating from Turkmenistan (Al Rwahnih et al. 2019) and later in France from a grapevine accession from Iran (Marais et al.

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Emaravirus From Grapevine Showing Chlorotic Mottling Symptoms.

A novel negative-sense, single-stranded (ss) RNA virus was identified in a "Shennong Jinhuanghou" (SJ) grapevine showing severe chlorotic mottling symptoms by integrating high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and conventional Sanger sequencing of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products. The virus was provisionally named as "grapevine emaravirus A" (GEVA). GEVA had a genome comprising five genomic RNA segments, each containing a single open reading frame on the viral complementary strand and two untranslated regions with complementary 13- nt stretches at the 5' and 3' terminal ends.

First report of apple rubbery wood virus 1 in apple in China.

More than 30 viral and subviral pathogens infect apple (Malus domestica, an important fruit crop in China) trees and rootstocks, posing a threat to its production. With advances in diagnostic technologies, new viruses including apple rubbery wood virus 1 (ARWV-1), apple rubbery wood virus 2 (ARWV-2), apple luteovirus 1 (ALV), and citrus virus A (CiVA) have been detected (Beatriz et al. 2018; Rott et al.

Development of a Full-Length Infectious cDNA Clone of the Grapevine Berry Inner Necrosis Virus.

Grapevine berry inner necrosis virus (GINV) belongs to the genus Trichovirus in the family Betaflexiviridae. The GINV isolate LN_BETA_RS was obtained from a "Beta" grapevine () exhibiting chlorotic mottling and ring spot in Xingcheng, Liaoning Province, China. To verify the correlation between GINV and grapevine chlorotic mottling and ring spot disease, we constructed an infectious cDNA clone of GINV isolate LN_BETA_RS using the seamless assembly approach.

First report of apple rubbery wood virus 2 infection of apples in China.

Apple (Malus) is one of the most widely grown fruit trees worldwide, and viral diseases can severely inhibit its growth and development. Apple rubbery wood virus 2 (ARWV-2, family Phenuiviridae) is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus whose genome comprises three RNA segments (large: L, medium: M, and small: S) (Rott et al. 2018).

Accuracy of 3-T MRI for Preoperative T Staging of Esophageal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, With Histopathologic Correlation.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the value of 3-T MRI for evaluating the preoperative T staging of esophageal cancer (EC) treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), with histopathologic confirmation.

Subjects And Methods: This prospective study enrolled patients for whom endoscopic biopsy showed EC and pretreatment CT showed stage cT1N+M0 or cT2-T4aN0-N3M0. All patients received two cycles of NAC (paclitaxel and nedaplatin protocol) followed by 3-T MRI and surgical resection.

Author Correction: Differentiated surface fungal communities at point of harvest on apple fruits from rural and peri-urban orchards.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.

Differentiated surface fungal communities at point of harvest on apple fruits from rural and peri-urban orchards.

The diverse fungal communities that colonize fruit surfaces are closely associated with fruit development, preservation and quality control. However, the overall fungi adhering to the fruit surface and the inference of environmental factors are still unknown. Here, we characterized the fungal signatures on apple surfaces by sequencing internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region.

Gefitinib enhances sensitivity of endometrial cancer cells to progestin therapy via dual-specificity phosphatase 1.

In this study, we investigated if Gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, augments endometrial cancer (EC) therapy with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). Combined treatment with Gefitinib plus MPA decreased the proliferation and invasiveness of the Ishikawa and RL952 EC cell lines more effectively than MPA treatment alone. Moreover, combined treatment with Gefitinib plus MPA reduced growth of EC xenografts in Balb/c nude mice more than either Gefitinib or MPA alone.

Comparison between free-breathing radial VIBE on 3-T MRI and endoscopic ultrasound for preoperative T staging of resectable oesophageal cancer, with histopathological correlation.

Objectives: To compare the T staging of resectable oesophageal cancer (OC) using radial VIBE (r-VIBE) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with pathological confirmation of the T stage.

Methods: Forty-three patients with endoscopically proven OC and indeterminate T1/T2/T3/T4a stage by computed tomography (CT) and EUS were imaged on a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. T stage was scored on MRI and EUS by two independent radiologists and one endoscopist, respectively, and compared with postoperative pathological findings.

Occurrence and genetic diversity analysis of apple stem pitting virus isolated from apples in China.

Two primer pairs were used to detect apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) using a reverse transcription (RT)-PCR test. 82 out of the 141 randomly collected samples, from ten orchards in five provinces and regions of China, tested positive. In the positive samples forty-five (55%) were infected by ASPV and two other viruses.

Preoperative T Staging of Potentially Resectable Esophageal Cancer: A Comparison between Free-Breathing Radial VIBE and Breath-Hold Cartesian VIBE, with Histopathological Correlation.

Purpose: To compare the T staging of potentially resectable esophageal cancer using free-breathing radial VIBE (r-VIBE) and breath-hold Cartesian VIBE (C-VIBE), with pathologic confirmation of the T stage.

Materials And Methods: Fifty patients with endoscopically proven esophageal cancer and indeterminate T1/T2/T3 stage by CT scan were examined on a 3-T scanner. The MRI protocol included C-VIBE at 150 seconds post-IV contrast, immediately followed by a work-in-progress r-VIBE with identical spatial resolution (1.

Occurrence and Genetic Diversity of Grapevine berry inner necrosis virus from Grapevines in China.

To investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of Grapevine berry inner necrosis virus (GINV) in China, 195 grapevine samples from 15 Chinese provinces and regions were tested using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The samples included symptomatic and asymptomatic cultivars, with 35.9% (70 of 195) of samples testing positive for GINV.

Arterial Phase with CAIPIRINHA-Dixon-TWIST (CDT)-Volume-Interpolated Breath-Hold Examination (VIBE) in Detecting Hepatic Metastases.

Purpose: To evaluate lesion enhancement performance of Multi-Arterial CAIPIRINHA-Dixon-TWIST-Volume-Interpolated Breath-Hold Examination (MA-CDT-VIBE) for the detection of hepatic metastases.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-one patients with suspicious hepatic metastases were enrolled in this retrospective study. Two independent radiologists scored visualization of each lesion on a scale of 1 (poor visualization) to 11 (excellent visualization) on 11 sets of images.