Acetylation of lactate dehydrogenase B drives NAFLD progression by impairing lactate clearance.

Background & Aims: Lactate has recently been reported to accumulate in the livers of patients progressing from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the underlying mechanism(s) of lactate accumulation and the role of lactate in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are essentially unknown.

Methods: We compared the acetylome in liver samples taken from healthy individuals, patients with simple steatosis and patients with NASH to identify potential targets of acetylation with a role in lactate metabolism.

Dietary garcinol supplementation improves diarrhea and intestinal barrier function associated with its modulation of gut microbiota in weaned piglets.

Background: The effects of dietary garcinol on diarrhea and intestinal barrier function associated with its modulation of gut microbiota in weaned piglets were investigated.

Method: One hundred forty four weaned piglets (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace) from 16 pens (9 piglets per pen) were randomly divided into four treatment groups: controls (CON) or those supplemented with 200 mg/kg (LOW), 400 mg/kg (MID), or 600 mg/kg (HIGH) diet garcinol. After 14-day trial, three piglets per pen were chosen to collect plasma, intestinal tissue and colonic digesta samples.

The effect of dietary garcinol supplementation on oxidative stability, muscle postmortem glycolysis and meat quality in pigs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary garcinol (0, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) on the growth performance, meat quality, postmortem glycolysis and antioxidative capacity of finishing pigs. Dietary garcinol increased pigs' average daily gain, pH , a* and myoglobin content of longissimus dorsi (LM) (P < 0.05), and decreased feed/gain ratio, the L*, glycolytic potential, drip loss, shear force, and backfat depth (P < 0.

Dietary supplementation with garcinol during late gestation and lactation facilitates acid-base balance and improves the performance of sows and newborn piglets1.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary garcinol supplementation during late gestation (from the 90th day of pregnancy; day 90) and lactation on the acid-base balance of the umbilical cord blood and performance of sows and piglets. Sixty sows (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace; second- or third-parity; n = 20) were randomly divided into 3 gestation (day 90 of pregnancy) or lactation treatments, control diet (CON; basal diet), basal diet with 200 mg garcinol, and basal diet with 600 mg garcinol per kg of feed. The body weight (BW); backfat thickness and litter size of the sows; and birth weight, weaning weight, and mortality of piglets were recorded.

The Variation of Nasal Microbiota Caused by Low Levels of Gaseous Ammonia Exposure in Growing Pigs.

Exposure to gaseous ammonia, even at low levels, can be harmful to pigs and human health. However, less is known about the effects of sustained exposure to gaseous ammonia on nasal microbiota colonization in growing pigs. A total of 120 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire pigs were housed in 24 separate chambers and continuously exposed to gaseous ammonia at 0,5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 ppm (four groups per exposure level) for 4 weeks.

PCAF fine-tunes hepatic metabolic syndrome, inflammatory disease, and cancer.

The P300/CBP-associating factor (PCAF), a histone acetyltransferase, is involved in metabolic and pathogenic diseases, particularly of the liver. The effects of PCAF on fine-tuning liver diseases are extremely complex and vary according to different pathological conditions. This enzyme has dichotomous functions, depending on differently modified sites, which regulate the activities of various enzymes, metabolic functions, and gene expression.

L-leucine stimulates glutamate dehydrogenase activity and glutamate synthesis by regulating mTORC1/SIRT4 pathway in pig liver.

The liver is the most essential organ for the metabolism of ammonia, in where most of ammonia is removed by urea and glutamine synthesis. Regulated by leucine, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) catalyzes the reversible inter-conversion of glutamate to ammonia. To determine the mechanism of leucine regulating GDH, pigs weighing 20 ± 1 kg were infused for 80 min with ammonium chloride or alanine in the presence or absence of leucine.

Acetyl-CoA from inflammation-induced fatty acids oxidation promotes hepatic malate-aspartate shuttle activity and glycolysis.

Hepatic metabolic syndrome is associated with inflammation, as inflammation stimulates the reprogramming of nutrient metabolism and hepatic mitochondria-generated acetyl-CoA, but how acetyl-CoA affects the reprogramming of nutrient metabolism, especially glucose and fatty acids, in the condition of inflammation is still unclear. Here, we used an acute inflammation model in which pigs were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and found that hepatic glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation are both promoted. Acetyl-proteome profiling of LPS-infected pigs liver showed that inflammatory stress exacerbates the acetylation of mitochondrial proteins.