The Effects of Gender and Survival Situation of the Parent Holocaust Survivor on Their Offspring: An Attachment Perspective.

Background: This article examines the attachment characteristics of the offspring as a function of the survival situation of their parents (Holocaust survivors). According to Bowlby's theory (1), proximity to a significant "other" increases the capability to regulate difficult emotions. Therefore, Holocaust survivors who were accompanied by a significant "other" should be less traumatized than a lone survivor who had to be completely self-reliant during the war.

Readiness to Use Psychoactive Substances Among Second-Generation Adolescent Immigrants and Perceptions of Parental Immigration-Related Trauma.

Objectives: This research explores the relationship between parental immigration-related trauma and second-generation adolescent substance abuse. To examine this relationship, we focused on Ethiopian adolescents in Israel who are at risk for substance abuse. Many immigrants from Ethiopia experienced severe immigration trauma and research indicates the existence of transgenerational trauma transmission.

The effects of the survival characteristics of parent Holocaust survivors on offsprings' anxiety and depression symptoms.

Aim: This paper examines symptoms of anxiety and depression of Holocaust survivors' (HS) offspring as a function of their parents' age, gender, and survival situation (whether the survivor parent was alone or with a relative during the war).

Method: The 180 adults (142 with two parent survivors; 38 with a single parent survivor) who participated in this study completed (a) a measure of state-trait anxiety, (b) a measure of depression symptoms, (c) a sociodemographic questionnaire was divided into three sections: information about the participant, about his mother and about his father.

Results: Participants whose mothers were aged 18 or younger during the war and survived alone report more symptoms of anxiety and depression than participants whose mothers were the same age yet survived in the company of relatives.