Mechanical strain focusing at topological defect sites in regenerating Hydra.

The formation of a new head during Hydra regeneration involves the establishment of a head organizer that functions as a signaling center and contains an aster-shaped topological defect in the organization of the supracellular actomyosin fibers. Here, we show that the future head region in regenerating tissue fragments undergoes multiple instances of extensive stretching and rupture events from the onset of regeneration. These recurring localized tissue deformations arise due to transient contractions of the supracellular ectodermal actomyosin fibers that focus mechanical strain at defect sites.