Innovative Construction and Application of Bile Duct Organoids: Unraveling the Complexity of Bile Duct Diseases and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.

The biliary system is crucial for liver function, regulating bile production, secretion, and transport. Dysfunctions within this system can lead to various diseases, such as cholangiopathies and biliary fibrosis, which may progress from benign to malignant states like cholangiocarcinoma. While liver organoid research is well-established and technologically advanced, bile duct organoids (BDOs) offer significant potential.

Cost-effectiveness of the addition of sintilimab as a first-line therapy for locally advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a Chinese healthcare system perspective.

Background: The ORIENT-15 double-blind randomized controlled trial demonstrated that the addition of sintilimab to chemotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) resulted in better clinical outcomes. In this analysis, we sought to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of sintilimab as a first-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic OSCC from a healthcare system perspective in China.

Methods: A partitioned survival model was constructed to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing chemotherapy alone with sintilimab for locally advanced or metastatic OSCC patients.

Xanthatin suppresses pancreatic cancer cell growth via the ROS/RBL1 signaling pathway: In vitro and in vivo insights.

Background: As a malignant digestive system tumor, pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate. Xanthatin is a sesquiterpene lactone monomer compound purified from the traditional Chinese herb Xanthium strumarium L. It has been reported that Xanthatin exhibits inhibitory effects on various cancer cells in retinoblastoma, glioma, hepatoma, colon cancer, lung cancer, as well as breast cancer.

Co-delivery of a tumor microenvironment-responsive disulfiram prodrug and CuO nanoparticles for efficient cancer treatment.

Disulfiram (DSF) has been used as a hangover drug for more than seven decades and was found to have potential in cancer treatment, especially mediated by copper. However, the uncoordinated delivery of disulfiram with copper and the instability of disulfiram limit its further applications. Herein, we synthesize a DSF prodrug using a simple strategy that could be activated in a specific tumor microenvironment.

Xanthatin induce DDP-resistance lung cancer cells apoptosis through regulation of GLUT1 mediated ROS accumulation.

Chemoresistance to cisplatin (DDP) therapy is a major obstacle that needs to be overcome in treating lung cancer patients. Xanthatin has been reported to exhibit an antitumor effect on various cancers, but the function of xanthatin in DDP-resistance lung cancer remains unclear. The study aimed to explore the effect and mechanisms of xanthatin on proliferation, apoptosis, and migration in DDP-resistance lung cancer cells.

Xanthatin inhibits non-small cell lung cancer proliferation by breaking the redox balance.

Lung cancer is the cancer with the highest mortality, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for more than 80%. Tumor cells often have high reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant capacity. Redox balance is very important for tumor.

β-Elemene induces apoptosis and autophagy in colorectal cancer cells through regulating the ROS/AMPK/mTOR pathway.

β-Elemene is an effective anti-cancer ingredient extracted from the genus Curcuma (Zingiberaceae familiy). In the present study, we demonstrated that β-elemene inhibited the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and induced cell cycle arrest in the G/M phase. In addition, β-elemene induced nuclear chromatin condensation and cell membrane phosphatidylserine eversion, decreased cell mitochondrial membrane potential, and promoted the cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-9 and PARP proteins, indicating apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells.

TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Identified Proteins and Signaling Pathways Involved in the Response to Xanthatin Treatment in Human HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells.

Background: Xanthatin is a plant-derived bioactive sesquiterpene lactone from the Xanthium strumarium L., and it has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Recently, many studies have reported that xanthatin has anticancer activity.

Xanthatin inhibits human colon cancer cells progression via mTOR signaling mediated energy metabolism alteration.

Tumor cells exhibit higher glycolysis and rely on abnormal energy metabolism to produce ATP, which is essential for cell proliferation and migration. Abnormal energy metabolism inhibition is considered a promising tumor treatment strategy. Xanthatin is an active sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Xanthium strumarium L.

Paeonol Suppresses Proliferation and Motility of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Disrupting STAT3/NF-κB Signaling.

Targeting inflammatory microenvironment is a promising anti-tumor strategy. Paeonol is a phenolic compound with effective anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. However, the effects of paeonol on non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) have not been fully investigated.

The lncRNA-GAS5/miR-221-3p/DKK2 Axis Modulates ABCB1-Mediated Adriamycin Resistance of Breast Cancer via the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway.

Drug resistance, including adriamycin (ADR)-based therapeutic resistance, is a crucial cause of chemotherapy failure in breast cancer treatment. Acquired chemoresistance has been identified to be closely associated with the overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1). Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) can be involved in carcinogenesis; however, its roles in ABCB1-mediated ADR resistance are poorly understood.

SIRT3 inhibits cardiac hypertrophy by regulating PARP-1 activity.

Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a type III histone deacetylase that inhibits cardiac hypertrophy. It is mainly localized in the mitochondria and is thus implicated in mitochondrial metabolism. Recent studies have shown that SIRT3 can also accumulate in the nuclear under stressed conditions, and participated in histone deacetylation of target proteins.

Xanthatin mediates G/M cell cycle arrest, autophagy and apoptosis via ROS/XIAP signaling in human colon cancer cells.

Xanthatin is a natural plant bicyclic sesquiterpene lactone extracted from In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that Xanthatin inhibited cell proliferation and mediated G/M phase arrest in human colon cancer cells. Xanthatin also activated caspase and mediated apoptosis in these cells. Concomitantly, Xanthatin triggered cell autophagic response.

Walsuronoid B induces mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction leading to apoptotic rather than autophagic cell death via ROS/p53 signaling pathways in liver cancer.

Walsuronoid B is a limonoid compound extracted from Walsura robusta. Previous studies have shown that limonoid compounds possess anti-cancer potential, although the molecular mechanism of this activity remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that walsuronoid B inhibited cell proliferation in several human cancer lines.

Anti-neuroinflammatory effect of Sophoraflavanone G from Sophora alopecuroides in LPS-activated BV2 microglia by MAPK, JAK/STAT and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways.

Background: Neuroinflammation plays a vital role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative conditions. Sophora alopecuroides is widely used in traditional Uighur's medicine for the treatment of inflammation. Sophoraflavanone G (SG), a major flavonoid found in the S.

Icariside II, a natural mTOR inhibitor, disrupts aberrant energy homeostasis via suppressing mTORC1-4E-BP1 axis in sarcoma cells.

The aberrant energy homeostasis that characterized by high rate of energy production (glycolysis) and energy consumption (mRNA translation) is associated with the development of cancer. As mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a critical regulator of aberrant energy homeostasis, it is an attractive target for anti-tumor intervention. The flavonoid compound Icariside II (IS) is a natural mTOR inhibitor derived from Epimedium.

Polyphyllin I induced-apoptosis is enhanced by inhibition of autophagy in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Background: Polyphyllin I (PPI), a bioactive phytochemical isolated from the rhizoma of Paris polyphyllin, exerts preclinical anticancer efficacy in various cancer models. However, the effects of PPI on regulatory human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown.

Purpose: This study investigated the antiproliferation effect of PPI on HCC cells and its underlying mechanisms.

Icariside II-induced mitochondrion and lysosome mediated apoptosis is counterbalanced by an autophagic salvage response in hepatoblastoma.

In this study, the anti-cancer effect of Icariside II (IS), a natural plant flavonoid, against hepatoblastoma cells and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The in vitro and in vivo studies show that IS decreased the viability of human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and inhibited tumor growth in mice transplanted with H22 liver carcinomas. IS impaired mitochondria and lysosomes as evidenced by signs of induced mitochondrial and lysosomal membrane permeabilization, resulting in caspase activation and apoptosis.

Blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway by Icariside II results in reduced cell proliferation of osteosarcoma cells.

Icariside II is considered one of the most important natural flavonoids with multiple bioactivities from traditional Chinese medicine Yin Yanghuo (YYH) or Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium koreanum Nakai). Previous studies show that Icariside II exhibits potent cytotoxicity against a broad spectrum of human cancer cells through various signaling transduction pathways. However, there are few reports about the effect of Icariside II on osteosarcoma cell.

Calyxin Y induces hydrogen peroxide-dependent autophagy and apoptosis via JNK activation in human non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H460 cells.

Calyxin Y has been recently isolated from Alpinia katsumadai which has a folk use as an anti-tumor medicine. Calyxin Y induced caspase-dependent cell death in NCI-H460 cells, and concomitantly, provoked cytoprotective autophagy with the upregulation of critical Atg proteins. The cleavage of Atg proteins by caspases acted as a switch between autophagy and apoptosis induced by calyxin Y.